Development Activities Essay

Support individuals to take part in development activities Overview This standard identifies the requirements when supporting individuals to take part in development activities of various kinds, including those that will help them retain or regain skills, interact with others or engage in chosen physical or intellectual pursuits. The standard includes preparing for development activities, supporting participation and contributing to evaluation of the activity. SCDHSC0211 Support individuals to take part in development activities 1 SCDHSC0211 Support individuals to take part in development activities Performance criteria You must be able to: Prepare for participation in development activities P1 P2 P3 acquire information about how best to encourage and support the individual to prepare for and participate in development activities check that you have correctly understood any instructions for the support of the individual and preparation of the environment work with the individual, key people and others to identify the individual’s goals and preferences regarding development activities and what options are available discuss benefits and any risks of different options to enable a choice to be made seek additional expertise where you, the individual, key people and others have concerns about a development activity or the individual’s participation in it prepare the environment for the chosen development activity ensure the environment complies with health and safety requirements offer reassurance and encouragement to the individual about their planned participation in the development activity and the benefits of participation agree with the individual ways to minimise any risks associated with the activity agree  your role in supporting the individual to participate in the development activity and minimise risks prepare yourself for supporting participation in the development activity P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 Support the individual to participate in development activities You must be able to: P12 P13 P14 P15 P16 P17 P18 P19 work with the individual to overcome any fears or other barriers to them taking part in the development activity carry out your agreed role in supporting the individual to participate in the development activity and minimise risks carry out your agreed role in ways that promote active participation and minimise risks offer the individual positive feedback on success throughout the activity offer the individual encouragement if they experience difficulty stop the activity immediately if the individual is distressed, in pain or feels unable to continue report problems as soon as possible to appropriate people feedback to appropriate people on successes, problems, risks or gaps that occurred whilst supporting the individual 2 SCDHSC0211 Support individuals to take part in development activities SCDHSC0211 Support individuals to take part in development activities P20 P21 contribute to recording progress in the required format identify with the individual and key people any changes that need to take place to make the development activity more effective and enjoyable record and report on development activities according to confidentiality agreements and legal and work setting requirements P22 Contribute to the evaluation of development activities You must be able to: P23 P24 P25 P26 P27 agree with the individual and key people how the development activity will be evaluated and how they will be involved support the individual and key people to provide evaluation information in a useful form discuss with the individual and key people the benefits and limitations of the development activity identify with the individual any parts of the development activity which they found difficult or which they declined to participate in report to appropriate people about aspects of the development activity which have been declined by the individual or identified as difficult by them record information and observations about the effectiveness of the activity and the individual’s participation in and enjoyment of it work with the individual, key people and others to agree any changes needed to the activity or the support for participation in it complete records and reports on the evaluation of development activities according to confidentiality agreements an d legal and work setting requirements P28 P29 P30 SCDHSC0211 Support individuals to take part in development activities 3 SCDHSC0211 Support individuals to take part in development activities Knowledge and understanding You need to know and understand: Rights K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 work setting requirements on equality, diversity, discrimination and human rights your role in supporting rights, choices, wellbeing and active participation your duty to report anything you notice people do, or anything they fail to do, that could obstruct individuals’ rights the actions to take if you have concerns about discrimination the rights that individuals have to make complaints and be supported to do so How you carry out your work You need to know and understand: K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11 K12 K13 K14 K15 K16 K17 K18 K19 K20 K21 K22 codes of practice, standards, frameworks and guidance relevant to your work and the content of this standard the main items of legislation that relate to the content of this standard within your work role your own background, experiences and beliefs that may affect the way you work your own roles and responsibilities with their limits and boundaries who you must report to at work the roles and responsibilities of other people with whom you work how to find out about procedures and agreed ways of working in your work setting how to make sure you follow procedures and agreed ways of working the meaning of person centred working and the importance of knowing and respecting each person as an individual the prime importance of the interests and well-being of the individual the individual’s cultural and language context how to work in ways that build trust with people how to work in ways that support the active participation of individ uals in their own care and support how to work in ways that respect individuals’ dignity, personal beliefs and preferences how to work in partnership with people what you should do when there are conflicts and dilemmas in your work how and when you should seek support in situations beyond your experience and expertise 4 SCDHSC0211 Support individuals to take part in development activities SCDHSC0211 Support individuals to take part in development activities Theory for practice You need to know and understand: K23 K24 K25 the factors that may affect the health, wellbeing and development of individuals you care for or support how these affect individuals and how they may affect different individuals differently the main stages of human development Communication You need to know and understand: K26 K27 factors that can have a positive or negative effect on the way people communicate different methods of communicating Personal and professional development You need to know and understand: K28 K29 why it is important to reflect on how you do your work how to use your reflections to improve the way you work Health and Safety You need to know and understand: K30 K31 your work setting policies and practices for health, safety and security practices that help to prevent and control infection in the context of this standard Safe-guarding You need to know and understand: K32 K33 K34 K35 the duty that everyone has to raise concerns about possible harm or abuse, poor or discriminatory practices signs and symptoms of harm or abuse how and when to report any concerns about abuse, poor or discriminatory practice, resources or operational difficulties what to do if you have reported concerns but no action is taken to address them Handling information You need to know and understand: K36 K37 legal requirements, policies and procedures for the security and confidentiality of information work setting requirements for recording information and producing reports including the use of electronic communication SCDHSC0211 Support individuals to take part in development activities 5 SCDHSC0211 Support individuals to take part in development activities K38 K39 K40 what confidentiality means how to maintain confidentiality in your work when and how to pass on information Specific to this NOS You need to know and understand: K41 how to recognise adverse changes in the conditions of individuals when supporting them to participate in development activities and the actions to take in these circumstances the risks, dangers and difficulties associated with different equipment and materials and in relation to specific individuals K42 SCDHSC0211 Support individuals to take part in development activities 6 SCDHSC0211 Support individuals to take part in development activities Additional Information Scope/range related to performance criteria The details in this field are explanatory statements of scope and/or examples of possible contexts in which the NOS may apply; they are not to be regarded as range statements required for the achievement of the NOS Note: Where an individual finds it difficult or impossible to express their own preferences and make decisions about their life, achievement of this standard may require the involvement of advocates or others who are able to represent the views and best interests of the individual. Where there are language differences within the work setting, achievement of this standard may require the involvement of interpreters or translation services. Active participation is a way of working that regards individuals as active partners in their own care or support rather than passive recipients. Active participation recognise each individual’s right to participate in the activities and relationships of everyday life as independency as possible Development activities may include i ntellectual activities and pursuits, activities that enable the individual to retain or regain their skills; activities that enable the individual to keep fit and mobile; activities that enable the individual to participate and interact with others The individual is the person you support or care for in your work Key people are those who are important to an individual and who can make a difference to his or her well being. Key people may include family friends, carers and others with whom the individual has a supportive relationship Others are your colleagues and other professionals whose work contributes to the individual’s well being and who enable you to carry out your role SCDHSC0211 Support individuals to take part in development activities 7 SCDHSC0211 Support individuals to take part in development activities Scope/range related to knowledge and understanding The details in this field are explanatory statements of scope and/or examples of possible contexts in which the NOS may apply; they are not to be regarded as range statements required for the achievement of the NOS All knowledge statements must be applied in the context of this standard. Factors that may affect the health, wellbeing and development of individuals may include adverse circumstances or trauma before or during birth; autistic spectrum conditions; dementia; family circumstances; frailty; harm or abuse; injury; learning disability; medical conditions (chronic or acute); mental health; physical disability; physical ill health; poverty; profound or complex needs; sensory needs; social deprivation; substance misuse Values Adherence to codes of practice or conduct that may be applicable to your role, and the principles and values that underpin your work setting including the rights of children and adults. These include the rights that individuals have: To be treated as an individual To be treated equally and not be discriminated against To be respected To have privacy To be treated in a dignified way To be protected from danger and harm To be supported and cared for in a way that meets their needs, takes account of their choices and also protects them To communicate using their preferred methods of communication and language To access information about themselves SCDHSC0211 Support individuals to take part in development activities 8 SCDHSC0211 Support individuals to take part in development activities Developed by Version number Date approved Indicative review date Validity Status Originating organisation Original URN Relevant occupations Skills for Care & Development 1 March 2012 August 2014 Current Original Skills for Care & Development HSC211 Health, Public Services and Care; Health and Social Care; Associate Professionals and Technical Occupations; Health and Social Services Officers; Health Associate Professionals; Personal Service Occupations; Healthcare and Related Personal Services; Health and Social Care support, assist, development, activities Suite Key words SCDHSC0211 Support individuals to take part in development activities

The Perfect Storm

Severe Weather Analysis THE PERFECT STORM Due: March 25, 2010 50 Points Using data from the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) and NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) and any other peripheral sources, please provide a discussion and analysis of the severe weather events surrounding the loss of the Andrea Gail and rescue of the Satori as presented in the book, The Perfect Storm, by Sebastian Junger. You are given the following clues: 1. Dates: 27 October 1991 – 1 November 1991 2. General location: North Atlantic Ocean, latitude/longitude coordinates from text 3. Events as portrayed in the novel. 4. The NOAA special storm report for this event (below) From these initial data points, use maps, the library, the internet and your knowledge to develop a more fully synthesized description and explanation of weather events as they relate to the events experienced by the crew of the Andrea Gail, Coast Guard and yacht Satori. NOAA page for the â€Å"Perfect Storm† http://www. ncdc. noaa. gov/oa/satellite/satelliteseye/cyclones/pfctstorm91/pfctstorm. html The following websites will be useful to develop maps. http://www. cdc. noaa. gov/Composites/Day/ http://www. cdc. noaa. gov/cgi-bin/Composites/printpage. l To characterize the storm and its development, and to relate these factors to the story, you may map any variable/aspect of the days that these events were occurring. Consider and present factors such as storm intensity and track, fronts, jet stream and surface winds. I suggest using (mapping) some of the following variables: temperature, specific humidity (for moisture), vector wind and geopotential height (to show pressure disturbances) to represent the atmosphere at the surface, and possibly at other levels such as the lower troposphere (850 mb), middle troposphere (500 mb) and upper troposphere (300 mb). Based on what you know of storms, describe how the atmospheric environment contributed to the development of the weather systems that destroyed the Andrea Gail. You have been given the what, the when and the where – you must provide the why and the how. Deliverables: Technical memorandum: Minimum of 3 typed pages of text diagnosing the weather event and relating specific portions of the storm’s anatomy to the location of the vessels and events in The Perfect Storm, plus maps. Cite all references and images. The Perfect Storm Severe Weather Analysis THE PERFECT STORM Due: March 25, 2010 50 Points Using data from the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) and NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) and any other peripheral sources, please provide a discussion and analysis of the severe weather events surrounding the loss of the Andrea Gail and rescue of the Satori as presented in the book, The Perfect Storm, by Sebastian Junger. You are given the following clues: 1. Dates: 27 October 1991 – 1 November 1991 2. General location: North Atlantic Ocean, latitude/longitude coordinates from text 3. Events as portrayed in the novel. 4. The NOAA special storm report for this event (below) From these initial data points, use maps, the library, the internet and your knowledge to develop a more fully synthesized description and explanation of weather events as they relate to the events experienced by the crew of the Andrea Gail, Coast Guard and yacht Satori. NOAA page for the â€Å"Perfect Storm† http://www. ncdc. noaa. gov/oa/satellite/satelliteseye/cyclones/pfctstorm91/pfctstorm. html The following websites will be useful to develop maps. http://www. cdc. noaa. gov/Composites/Day/ http://www. cdc. noaa. gov/cgi-bin/Composites/printpage. l To characterize the storm and its development, and to relate these factors to the story, you may map any variable/aspect of the days that these events were occurring. Consider and present factors such as storm intensity and track, fronts, jet stream and surface winds. I suggest using (mapping) some of the following variables: temperature, specific humidity (for moisture), vector wind and geopotential height (to show pressure disturbances) to represent the atmosphere at the surface, and possibly at other levels such as the lower troposphere (850 mb), middle troposphere (500 mb) and upper troposphere (300 mb). Based on what you know of storms, describe how the atmospheric environment contributed to the development of the weather systems that destroyed the Andrea Gail. You have been given the what, the when and the where – you must provide the why and the how. Deliverables: Technical memorandum: Minimum of 3 typed pages of text diagnosing the weather event and relating specific portions of the storm’s anatomy to the location of the vessels and events in The Perfect Storm, plus maps. Cite all references and images.

Wal-Mart Business Model Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wal-Mart Business Model - Case Study Example It set-up giant all-in-one stores in small towns which quickly gained patronage because of the service that Wal-Mart associates provide and customers are able to buy the products they need in one convenient place. Today, Wal-Mart is the world's largest retailer with $345 billion in sales, with more than 176 million customers per week visiting its more than 6,500 stores worldwide, 61,000 suppliers and providing more than 3 million American jobs. (walmartstores.com 2008) Wal-Mart's continuing success may be attributed to Sam Walton's foresight in including information technology in its business model to facilitate organizational innovation. As early as 1966, Walton was recruiting IT professionals from IBM to help him wire his company. This led to innovations in just-in-time inventory, choreographed logistics and warehousing. (Beckham 2002) Wal-Mart's business model mandates that it provides the products and services that customers would want to buy. With the company's enormous data warehouse which includes customers' purchases, Wal-Mart knows what its customer wants and "it provides merchandise and designs its stores according to customer preferences." (Felgner 2006) In support of its objective of customer satisfaction, through technology, Wal-Mart is able to process more than 20 million customers per day, with credit card approvals done in less than a second. (Scheraga 2004) In 2000, Walmart.com was founded. Aside from fostering the ideals of its parent company, its additional goal is to provide easy access to more Wal-Mart with "more than 1 million products available online" and innovative services such as Music Downloads and Photo Services which allow customers to order online and pick-up at the nearest Wal-Mart, all available to Wal-Mart's customers 24/7. (walmart.com 2008) In 2001, Wal-Mart worked with NCR for the design and deployment of kiosks in the stores to help customers scan in items for bridal and baby registries, an innovation to improve customer service. According to Walton, "People think we got big by putting big stores in small towns. Really, we got big by replacing inventory with information." (Beckham 2002) In its industry, Wal-Mart is acknowledged for its legendary replenishment and forecasting system which Ron Ireland, one of the people who built it, says is what "retailers are scrambling to do today what Wal-Mart achieved years ago." (Hickey 2006) Because of Wal-Mart's use of technology, its inventory accuracy is above 96% vs. 70% for other food retailers. Wal-Mart has improved in-stocks, reduced holding inventory, reduced manual intervention and achieved much greater profit margins, according to Ireland. (Hickey 2006) All these cut down Wal-Mart's cost of operations and contribute to lowering selling prices for its customers. With Wal-Mart's employment of technology and e-Business practices of integration and synchronization among connected players, it is able to achieve operational efficiency and revenue enhancement, according to Ralph Drayer, former vice-president of Procter & Gamble. (Hickey 2006) "Wal-Mart's success is due not just to computers, but many other things besides: the late Sam Walton's entrepreneurship; his strategy of avoiding early competition by 'putting good-sized discount stores into little one-horse towns which everybody else was ignoring"; his insistence on saturating one area with stores before moving on to the next; his drive to keep costs

American History Week 4 #16 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American History Week 4 #16 - Article Example He rejected the use of blackface performances and minstrel shows that whites used to depict African Americans as stupid, primitive, and lazy people. Such plays teased Africans and belittled them substantially. Torrence noticed this racial tragedy and decided to condemn it exclusively. Additionally, McKay contributed through his vastly read poem named â€Å"If We Must Die† (Taylor, 2006). The poem condemned the ruthless killings that whites executed on the blacks. The blacks experienced great injustice from the whites who tormented and killed them without proper reasons. The poem equally urged the Negros to stand up and fight back. McKay was against the rampant and undesirable deaths that engulfed the Negro communities in Harlem and beyond. He urged the blacks to defy the killings through retaliation despite their limited numbers. Similarly, Hubert Harrison founded the fist dailies for the New Negro movement, which indicated the fight against the whites’ intolerance and initiation of movements that despised the literacy and integrity of blacks. The collective impacts that the works of these figures made on the American society were numerous. Evidently, their efforts reduced the tolls of discrimination that the Africans faced. The blacks became stronger in fighting for their dues and resisted the unworthy discrimination from whites. These artists endured to show that the black societies were similarly humans and deserved fair treatments just like whites. Additionally, blacks correspondingly contributed the building of

Rawl's and Chamberlain argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rawl's and Chamberlain argument - Essay Example 1) Explain Rawls's argument for the difference principle from the original position The differences in the political philosophies of John Rawls and Robert Nozick mostly relate to variance in their initial assumptions and system of argument. According to the different principle, it allows inequalities in the distribution of goods subject to those inequalities stand to the advantage of the worst-off members of the society. He is convinced about the rationality of this principle and tenders the following reasons for his stand: The right of each citizen on the total goods available with the society is equal. This goes to prove that he must have equal share in the material wealth of the society. What is the justification for unequal distribution? His argument is simple and straightforward. If the distribution system works to the advantage of the worst-off section of the society, that arrangement is fair enough. Rawls explains his strategy of setting up the original position through risk-m inimisation. Elaborating this Dr. Jan Garrette argues, â€Å"The Difference Principle has elements of other familiar ethical theories. The "socialist" idea (see Distributive Justice) that responsibilities or burdens should be distributed according to ability and benefits according to need is partly contained within the Difference Principle. We may reasonably assume that the "least advantaged" have the greatest needs and that those who receive special powers (hinted at under "social inequalities") also have special responsibilities or burdens. However, the merit principle that the use of special skills should be rewarded is also included in the Difference Principle.†(www.wku.edu/)Does this stand to reasoning? With the acceptance of the different principle, one visualises a situation where all suffer, in varied degrees except the one at the top. Risk-minimisation propounded as per the different principle will not hold good in all the situations. It may even lead to ridiculous c onclusions. (2) Explain Nozick's 'Wilt Chamberlain' argument In his book â€Å"Anarchy, State, and Utopia,† Robert Nozick argues, â€Å"Moral philosophy sets the background for, and boundaries of, political philosophy. What persons may and may not do to one another limits what they may do through the apparatus of a state, or do to establish such an apparatus.†(6)Wilt Chamberlin is a popular basketball player and the society adores him so much that 1 million people are ready to give him 25 cents each to watch him play basketball during the course of the entire season, assuming g that he will not entertain any other transactions. On the strength of this example, Nozick develops an argument. He writes, â€Å"Nozick's famous Wilt Chamberlain argument is an attempt to show that patterned principles of just distribution are incompatible with liberty. He asks us to assume that the original distribution in society, D1 is ordered by our choice of patterned principle, for insta nce Rawls's Difference Principle.† (seattlecentral.edu) Through this deal, Wilt will now own $250,000 and overnight he has a big sum as compared to any other member of the society. He further elaborates this example and comes to the conclusion

World War II Propoganda Posters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

World War II Propoganda Posters - Essay Example Some also believe that it is basically the methodology employed in the persuasion that determines whether chanting of a slogan, jargon or an appeal is propaganda or not. (Taylor, S., n.p.n.d.) History bears testimony to the fact that greatest of propagandas have been used during wartime. In such times the warring nations often resort to propaganda campaigns that instigate people to acts which are most conducive to victory. The psychological warfare during cold war period was also a kind of propaganda that was meant to enfeeble the enemy's might and the will to fight. Another strategy, which is commonly known as 'brainwashing' and frequently used against prisoners unite political propaganda with bitter treatment of the prisoners to minimize its confrontation. (Taylor, S., n.p.n.d.) Several of the methods, which are employed in propaganda, are logical and common-sense techniques that include achieving the confidence of people, simplicity and repetition, and the use of symbols. (Taylor, S.n.p.n.d.) The propaganda may differ in nature from other educational forms which exist in literary societies, but in an autocratic educational set-up, it can involve educating the youth of a nation by practices that could be categorized as propaganda. The tutors in educated societies teach pupil 'how to think', but propagandists tell them 'what to think'. Many academicians may be inclined to change their opinions if and when new evidence emerges, but propagandists will always evade evidence that comes in their way. Thus the educators consider all aspects of a problem and are willing to advance a discussion but a propagandists on the contrary would never do that and enter into any kind of debate. The propagandists instead would always touch extremes and try to persuade and mold public opinion through strongest possible case which he builds so very desperately and ambitiously. (Taylor, S., n.p.n.d.) What makes World War II propaganda posters forms of propaganda Although the Propaganda Posters used in World War11 (1939-1945) were simple and randomly created to suit the newly emerging situations, they proved very effective on the belligerents simply because they were repeated over and over again. Also the words used to write catchy jargons, sensational slogans, and even appeals on the propaganda posters were often very simple but the pattern and symmetry in which they were used carried the message far and wide. For instance Nazis of Germany had used the below words of Adolph Hitler in one of their propaganda posters during World War11, "The intelligence of the masses is small. Their forgetfulness is great. They

C. G. Jung about Dreams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

C. G. Jung about Dreams - Essay Example Jung was Freud’s main collaborator and most probable successor as leader of the psychoanalytic movement, but his own researches led him away from Freud’s emphasis on the psychosexual origins of neurosis, founding his own analytic psychology in response to Freud’s psychoanalysis. This differed from the Freudian model in downgrading the importance of sexuality a childhood conflicts in the treatment of neuroses, and concentrating more on a patient’s current conflicts. Jung’s doctoral dissertation was entitled â€Å"On the Psychology and Pathology of So-Called occult Phenomena† and was presented at Basel University in 1902. This stuffy sowed the seeds of ideas that became pivotal in the practice of Jung’s system of analytical psychology, namely that the unconscious contains â€Å"complexes† or part-personalities that can manifest in dreams and visions, and that personality development and integration (individuation) occurs at the un conscious level. A †complex† is a pattern of suppressed thoughts and feelings that cluster-constellate-around a theme provided by some archetype (archetype will be explained further on). Jung describes a â€Å"complex† as a â€Å"node† in the unconscious; it may be imagined as a knot of unconscious feelings and beliefs, detectable indirectly, through behavior that is puzzling or hard to account for. Jung found evidence for complexes in the â€Å"word association test†; here a researcher read a list of words to each subject, who was asked to say, a quickly as possible, the first thing that came to mind in response to each word. Researches timed subject’s responses and noted any unusual reactions- hesitations, slips of the tongue, and signs of emotion. In Jung’s theory, complexes may be related to traumatic experiences or not. There are many kinds of complex, but at the core of any

Sociology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Sociology - Assignment Example Within a few days of the disaster, the news coverage was being handled by outsiders and the international media that took over the role of primary producers of content. When the Haitians are given a chance to speak about or communicate about the events happening there in the aftermath of the disaster, the local perspective is obtained. However, because of the proximity of Haiti to the US and the fact that many international journalists have been around other disaster zones and hence the reporting is sensitive to the needs of the Haitians. However, the coverage would have been more vocal if the Haitians were commenting on their own affairs as the sense of despair and helplessness felt by Haitians can be captured only if they get a chance to express themselves. The point here is that the coverage has ranged from balanced to hysterical to paranoid depending upon the news outlet and the medium that is carrying the message. Hence, the question of who comments on the news is as important as who is reporting on the events. 2) A) Though I would not agree with Stephen Brunt’s generally negative view of athletes as role models, nonetheless, I find merit in his arguments about young boys and girls blindly aping the athletes. This is because I feel that athletes perform in a single area of sport and are uni-dimensional in that sense. However, their performances on the field are something to be emulated though the same cannot be said of their exploits off the field. Hence, one has to exhibit a sense of discretion when following athletes as role models. B) The male athlete who can be a good role model would be Roger Federer. This is because he is the epitome of discipline and focus and tennis being such a demanding sport needs lot of talent and practice to go hand in hand to make a champion that is Federer. Further, his off-court demeanor is exemplary as well in the way he takes care of his family and his humility as well as affableness add to

Needs assesment, use of needs assessments, influence of modeling and Essay

Needs assesment, use of needs assessments, influence of modeling and exploring ones own paradigms - Essay Example However, the dominant approach to data collection and analysis so far- learning what is wrong with young people- is fundamentally flawed as it fails to investigate the factors in a young person's life that we know lead to healthy development.1 It does not tell the full or even the correct story about our kids. There is need to explore more deeply into the factors that are instrumental in shaping the positive development of a child and more scientific work needs to be done to responsibly advance the youth development field. In general this field aims at supporting and promoting processes assumed essential for the health and well-being of a child. Most of the studies of national importance conducted till recently , with the exception of a few like the one by America's Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being and Trends In the Well-Being of America's Children which incorporated some of the indicators of positive youth development, were focused towards finding out and measuring the deficit indicators in our children's lives primarily because the studies were conducted either for- measuring, analyzing or understanding and reporting on social changes or for- decision making and evaluating and assessing governmental social programs and policies. The continuation of such programs depended, of course, on data to monitor their effectiveness. How those indicators have co... As the cost of rehabilitation programs mounted, prevention instead of treatment of social problems became the mantra to policy makers. However, there was a tricky problem to decide as to who should be included in prevention programs. Many attempts to decide on the basis of persons "at risk" or the persons with some specific precursor behavior could not give right perspective as there is no significant evidence in research to conclude as to who needed these programs the most. (can you contact me at my email address mabha2001@yahoo.com. I need to talk to you urgently.) The prevention approach or model lays emphasis on finding an effective way to prevent a given problem from happening to or among young people and is based on the principle that absence of problems means that young people are developing appropriately. From the developmental perspective, there are several flaws in this approach. First, while there are plenty of evidence that negative behaviors or conditions impede the positive development of young people, there is hardly any evidence that absence of such behaviors in itself equates with positive development as in the words of Karen Pittman, a leading youth development advocate " problem-free is not fully prepared." Moreover, it is difficult to measure behaviors that could have happened but did not happen because of a prevention input. Secondly, these prevention programs target only a fraction of our young people who are considered to be "at risk" and not all.. The development perspective offers a different approach and asks three common sense questions : What kind of human beings do we want all our children to be What skills do we want them to possess What do we want them to be able to do to

Arguement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Arguement - Essay Example Schier argues that this passivity among many citizens is due to change of politics from mobilization, as a method of winning power, support and control, to activation (7). Skocpol, on the other hand, explains the phenomenon in terms of change of American associational life (7-8). But a critical analysis and review of the two theories reveals that Schier’s theory is more plausible, while Skocpol’s theory is weak, untenable and highly flawed. To better expose the many flaws in Skocpol’s theory, let us first look in detail the different positions held by the two scholars. To begin with, let us look at the theory of Schier. Schier begins his argument by making a distinction between the terms mobilization, and activation. He defines mobilization as ‘’ the partisan method of stimulating very high turnout in elections during the peak party power that lasted from 1876-1892’’ (7). In contrast, he defines activation as, ‘’ the more c ontemporary method that parties, interest groups, and candidates employ to induce particular, finely targeted portions of public to become active in elections, demonstrations, and lobbying’’ (7). Schier goes on to show in detail how these two processes of winning power and control differ (8-9). First, the two processes differ in focus, whereby mobilization is inclusive while activation is exclusive and for a select few. Secondly, the two processes differ in agent or source of stimulation of the public, while mobilization was a heavily partisan process, dominated by strong party organizations and party messages, in activation thousands of different organisation and individuals attempt activation. Thirdly, the two processes differ in method. Mobilization involved broad appeals carried out through personal conversation, while activation is research driven and targets particular individuals. Lastly, the processes differ in their strategy, mobilization seeks to mobilise as many people as possible to help the given candidate to win elections, while activation targets just a small, well-informed segment of the society to advance a certain goal, for example to help in polls. As it can be seen from the above explanation, activation alienates some people, as it were, from the active politics, since it aims only at a particular, few members of the society while leaving out the vast majority of the society. This exclusion of some members, more often than not, leads to the ‘’inactivated’’ and excluded members of society becoming inactive and passive in politics. Skocpol, on the other hand, understood the cause of the increasing decline in active participation in national politics by the Americans, as the result of decline in American associational life. In the contemporary America, exclusive elite, and professionally managed organisations have replaced the former organisations of the last few decades which had open membership to all citizens, irrespective of one’s social class. The emergence of progressive movements in America played a big role in the change of associational life in America. Skocpol’s theory hinges on two main claims. First, she holds that in American society, social organisations and politics are closely related, such that change in associational life of the society would invariably lead to change in civic life. She goes on to argue that, over the last few decades, American social life has greatly changed, and this has led to the change in American social civic life (6). Unlike in

The Devil In The White City Expository Essay Example for Free

The Devil In The White City Expository Essay In The Devil in the White City by Erik Larson, many inexperienced women come to Chicago in hopes of finding new opportunities and a successful job. These women were often single with no previous experience in the city, which made them an effortless target for Dr. Holme’s vile plans. With his charisma and reassuring presence, Dr. Holmes could instantly allure these women. Most women in this time period were often sheltered or brought up in a secure and familiar environment. However, in the beginning of the book on page 11, it states, â€Å"Never before in civilization have such numbers of young girls been suddenly released from the protection of home and permitted to walk unattended upon the city streets and to work under alien roofs.† I believe that because these young women had recently been liberated from their small town life, it created even more of an excitement and eagerness to take any employment opportunity that came their way. This in turn, worked against them, by prompting them to take the desirable jobs with Dr. Holmes. Another factor that induced these women to be so susceptible to Dr. Holmes’ corrupt plans was his undeniable charm. With their naà ¯ve mindset, a young man with striking eyes and a perfect physique (page. 35) was a handsome welcome to their new lives. This unexpected warmth in a new city enticed the young women and brought them to trust Dr. Holmes despite his underlying motives. However, because of their infatuation with him, the women were oblivious to his subtle maneuvers such as standing too close, staring to hard, and touching too long (page. 26) that would have revealed his ulterior intentions. This captivation gave Dr. Holmes the opportunity to have these women wrapped around his finger and be in complete control. Overall, the young women coming to Dr. Holmes were much too ignorant and enthusiastic to be alone in a large and unpredictable city, such as Chicago. Their curiosity and willingness to find a new life led them into very lamentable situations that cost them their lives. Unfortunately, I think that even if these women had been somewhat more apprehensive, Dr. Holmes, with his alluring charm, would still have the upper hand at reeling these women into his deplorable plot.

Knowledge and Plato Essay Example for Free

Knowledge and Plato Essay Plato is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy and has had an impact on nearly every philosopher from all time periods. Alongside his mentor Socrates and his student Aristotle, Plato created some of the most significant works in philosophy; ultimately building the framework for western philosophic education. The dialogues of his works are wide ranging, from focuses on life and reality beyond what we see and hear, and subjects as practical rules, laws, education and punishment. Historians believe that Plato was born between 427 and 429 BC in Athens, Greece. Born in to an aristocratic family, Plato was involved in politics from an early age; however, he did not stay on the traditional political path for long. In Plato’s work The Republic, his ideas were to transform and improve political life, as he knew there was no escaping it. As the result of an early failure, Plato came to the conclusion that political action would not stop violence and greed, which is what changed his philosophic approach. It is believed that Plato met his mentor, Socrates, in his youth and his education under Socrates shaped his ideas about the world. Socrates played a role in almost all of Plato’s works and was a robust influence in Plato’s life and ideas. Plato was a believer in the importance of ethics and true self-introspection. In many of his writings, he references the importance of self-reflection; â€Å"First and best victory is to conquer self, to be conquered by self is, of all things, the most shameful and objectionable. †1 Plato was also passionate about music and its importance in education. He stated, â€Å"I would teach children music, physics and philosophy; but most importantly music, for the patterns in music and all the arts are the keys to learning. † 2 Many of Plato’s later works were profoundly influenced by the idea of the soul and the concept of dualism, meaning the separation of the mind and the body. 3 He believed that the real reality is not what we see or what we hear but is something that subsists in a higher realm beyond our day to day life. Many of his ideas on the soul influence a multitude of religions today as he believed that a human’s soul is immortal and that the soul is separate from our physical being. In 387 BC Plato founded what is credited as the first European university, The Academy, in Athens, Greece. The Academy focused on subjects such as astronomy, biology, mathematics, political theory, and philosophy. While at the Academy, Plato wrote many of his most significant works, including The Republic. 4 Plato spent his time at The Academy encouraging students to learn through discussion in order to become freethinkers. Plato even felt that his works and dialogues should be used more as supplementary aids and that no one should rely solely on what they read in a book or dialogue. Plato’s dialogues are used to this day to aid in the teaching of subjects ranging from philosophy to math. Plato’s out of the box thinking will continue to be thought provoking and influential for thousands of years to come. Many of his idealisms are still taking place in teachings and the living of every day life. His diverse subjects and desire for equality will continue to bring positive motivation to those study his works. Bibliography Cooper, John M. , and D. S. Hutchinson. Complete works. Indianapolis, Ind. : Hackett Pub. , 1997. Hunt, Lynn , Thomas Martin, Barbara Rosenwein, and Bonnie Smith. From the Classical to the Hellenistic World. In The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2010. 114-115. Richard, Kraut. Plato (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/plato/#PlaCenDoc (accessed September 23, 2013).

The Physiological Healing Process Of Soft Tissue Biology Essay

The Physiological Healing Process Of Soft Tissue Biology Essay It is imperative, as a sports therapist, to understand the process of soft tissue repair to develop a safe and effective management plan for clients injury problems. Understanding this, allows us to decide what modalities or interventions to apply. If certain therapy techniques or inappropriate exercises are applied, it can lead to further problems in the healing stages. A therapist cannot change the time is takes to heal an injury but can certainly make the stages more effective. There are four stages of healing that will be discussed in more detail later on in the essay. In the event of an injury, the process of healing that follows depends on the extent of the injury and the approximation of the wound sites stump ends. There are two types of tissue healing; primary and secondary intention. Healing by primary intention commonly occurs in minor wounds wherein the tissue separation is small and a bridge of cells bind the ends of the wound together, resulting in a small line of scar tissue. Healing by secondary intention occurs in more severe wounds, where the stump ends cannot be bridged as they are too far apart. The wound heals by producing tissue from around the wound to fill the space created by the wound. This can occur in second degree sprains where ligament tissue is torn and not surgically repaired. Secondary intention healing takes longer than primary and also results in a larger scar. Healing can be described as a continuum of changing events. There are four common stages to healing; bleeding, inflammation, proliferation and re-modelling. All the stages overlap considerably and are not separate. Figure 1 healing phases Diagram to illustrate the four stages of healing (Watson, 2009) Figure 1 shows a basic overview of the four stages. The phases are shown individually, but in reality, they are overlapped. Some events associated with one phase act as stimulant for the next phase. The first stage of soft tissue repair is bleeding. As a result of soft tissue damage; blood vessels are damaged as well. The severity of the bleeding depends upon the vascularity of the tissue involved. Muscles have a more increased vascularity than ligaments. This stage lasts around 6 to 8 hours depending on the tissue involved. The main focus of a sports therapists management would be to rest. It would be advisable to use crutches, stopping any weight bearing activity, as bleeding can start if the wound opens up again. A compression bandage could be considered to delay the onset of the inflammation phase. Restricting the intake of alcohol, aspirins and medications could be beneficial for the patient as these can thin the blood considerably. Once the body has moved into the haemostasis stage, bleeding will stop and the repair phase moves into the inflammation stage. The second stage of healing is inflammation. The shift from bleeding to inflammation is not clear, as there may be some bleeding in the start of the inflammation phase. Houglum (2005) identifies that there are five cardinal signs to inflammation; heat, redness, swelling, pain and loss of function. This is a normal and necessary process to healing and can take up to 2 to 3 days. The stage can be initiated by numerous events such as trauma, mechanical irritation and thermal or chemical insult. Houglum (2005, p.37) states that During inflammation, the injury is contained and stabilized and debris removed. There are two elements to the inflammatory events that occur in parallel; vascular and cellular. The vascular phase consists of close interaction between cells and chemicals, the process of chemotaxis taking place causing vascular permeability. Vascular permeability allows cells and chemicals that are in the blood stream to enter the injury site and perform their functions to heal the tissue. It is initially caused by histamine, a local hormone that is released by cells that enter the area due to which blood vessels get larger and leaker. As a result of this unwanted fluids and waste material are cleared. Histamine is a short lived hormone and its function is carried on by serotin and kinins. Kinins presence at the injury site is also short term and is followed by prostaglandin formation. There are two prostaglandins, one continuing the vascular permeability and one attracts leukocytes to the injury site. These prostaglandins stimulate repair or the damaged site and stimulate the stage into proliferation. As a result of vasodilation and vasopermeability there is an increase in f low volume, an increase in hydrostatic pressure and swelling. The other phase of the inflammation stage is cellular events where there is a migration of various cells to the injured area. Platelets release phospholipids which effectively stop the bleeding by stimulating a clotting mechanism. According to Houglum (2005, p. 38) Platelets also bind to the collagen fiber stumps that were exposed by the injury. Platelets can also release substances such as fibronectin, growth factors and fibrogen. Watson (2009) suggests that following the bleeding phase, fibrin and fibronectin form a solid layer that helps the adhesion of various cells, like a plug stopping the bleeding. As the healing stage progresses, the plug is replaced by type III collagen. Leakage from the blood vessels is stopped by the fibrin plug, which compromises their ability to remove the extra fluid from the area. However, later on fibrinolysin is released allowing drainage of excess fluid from the area. Within the first few hours of injury, white blood cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils start to remove debris from the site. As these are short lived, they are replaced by monocytes and macrophages. These exhibit a strong phagocytic activity that is responsible for the tissue debridement that takes place. Houglum (2005) argues that inflammation can become harmful if it is prolonged, further than the normal healing time. Generally an injury should be passed through to acute inflammation and then to healing. Conversely, if acute inflammation is interrupted there can be a negative effect and as a result the injury can move into chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation will result in a pus formation consisting of dead white blood cells. Failure of the body to deal with the initial insult is where healing fails to take place. As a result of this healing by fibrosis takes place where scar tissue is formed. The goal of a sports therapist would be to facilitate inflammation but minimizing it (Houglum, 2005). This would be accomplished by applying initial first aid using the price principles. Protection via bandages and supports to the injury would be applied to reduce the likeliness of further bleeding or swelling. Brukner and Khan (2007) suggest that rest, with the use of crutches for lower limb injury and a sling for upper limb, will help reduce the metabolic requirement around the injury site. Ice can slow down nerve conduction, which slows down the rate pain gets to the spinal cord, effectively reducing the pain sensation. Ice would also increase vasospasm, reducing uncontrolled swelling around the injury. Brukner and Khan (2007) also advise that compression and elevation reduce swelling around the area and can decrease the effect of hydrostatic pressure which helps to reduce pain around the site. Hands off techniques such as active movements in a pain free range can beneficial. Inflammation takes place in an anaerobic environment. After the macrophages clean up the injury site they recruit and activate other cells that start through anaerobic respiration where lactic acid is produced. Lactic acid stimulates the next stage of tissue repair named proliferation. The third stage of soft tissue repair is proliferation, the true phase of healing, when bleeding has completely stopped. Watson (2009) suggests that it is the restoration of tissue continuity with the deposition of repair tissue. The stage of proliferation has a rapid onset of 24 to 48 hours but takes much longer to reach its peak reactivity, between 2 to 3 weeks. If the tissue is more vascular, it will take a shorter time in reaching peak proliferation production. There are two fundamental processes involved in the repair which are fibroplasia and angiogenesis. The migration of fibroblasts is principally responsible for the development of new capillaries and extracellular matrix. A production of substances made by the fibroblasts will make up a matrix of collagen, proteoglycans and elastin which are required for vital scar tissue formation and proliferation. This migration to the injured site, allows fibroblasts to lay down collagen type III. Although, the fibre structure of type III collagen is weak, it helps provide the wounds primary tensile strength. It can be easily torn if too much stress is applied. Alongside fibroplasia, a process called angiogenesis takes place. Watson (2009) states à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦capillaries in the region of the tissue damage bud and grow towards the repair zone. Blood flow through the region is re-established, providing oxygen and nutrients while removing metabolic waste products. Oxygen is essential for many of the repair processes, but more importantly for collagen production. This process of tissue maturation continues into the remodelling phase. To facilitate the proliferation stage, a sports therapist should apply heat to increase the blood flow to the area, effectively bringing more oxygen to the injury site and allowing more collagen production. Houglum (2005) believes ultrasound promotes collagen and myofibroblast production. Ultrasound would facilitate the proliferation phase as there is an increased need of collagen and myofibroblasts. Brukner and Khan (2007) claim that proprioceptive work such as joint awareness and positional sense can help enhance general coordination which will help facilitate strength and endurance exercises required in the next stage. Nutritional support such as whey proteins and vitamin c can speed up the healing process. Various authors (Houglum, 2005 and Watson, 2009) identify that the remodelling stage normally starts at the peak of proliferation around 2-3 weeks and can last up to 18 months. Wound contraction starts and type III collagen are converted to type I, to stabilise and restore the injury site. As there is more type I collagen, it becomes more insoluble and less resistant to damage. Collagen fibres produce more cross links as fluid is reduced in the area, strengthening the structure of the scar. Eventually this cross linking becomes the major source of the scars tensile strength. The large numbers of capillaries produced in the proliferation phase are no longer needed and start to retreat. Fibroblasts migrated from the previous stage will also reduce. Visible changes can be seen, with the cellular changes taking place including the loss of scars red colour changing to white and then evening out with natural skin tone. Therapeutic interventions to facilitate the remodelling phase can be a range of exercises and deep tissue work. These can help the arrangement of collagen fibres. Houglum (2005, p.43) claims that: When collagen fibers are aligned in an organized, parallel fashion, collagen can form the greatest number of cross links and thereby possess optimal strength. In this organised arrangement, function and mobility is at its greatest degree and properly applied forces can enhance it. Khan and Scott (2009, p. 249) in their report confirm that: The benefits of loading include improved alignment of regenerating myotubes, faster and more complete regeneration, and minimisation of atrophy of surrounding myotubes. Physical stress is an important component in the development of quality tissue repair. With this in mind, resistance training can be considered. Brukner and Khan (2007) suggest that resistance training may stimulate collagen synthesis. Strength and power training such as squats, dead lifts, compounds lifts that use more than one joint will increase the strength not only in the wounded area but the overall body. Sports specific exercises and complex training can also help in this stage. Brukner and Khan (2007) identify that stretching will promote a flexible strong scar. These interventions can speed up the conversion of type III collagen fibres into type I. General factors that delay the healing process are age, protein deficiency, low vitamin c levels, steroids and NSAIDs and temperature when low. The local factors known to delay healing are a poor blood supply, adhesion to bone or other underlying tissue, continued inflammation, drying of the wound and excessive movement can restart inflammation. Bleeding, inflammation, proliferation and remodelling are the four stages of soft tissue repair that are distinct but overlapping. From a sports therapists perspective it is important we apply therapeutic intervention at the right time and the appropriate management in order to facilitate the repair process avoiding delays by entering the chronic inflammation phase. Each athlete or client has different post injury sporting goals, level of skill and degrees of competitiveness, which all influence the rehabilitation programme. Therapeutic exercise must be administered carefully without causing harm to the healing tissues if rehabilitation programs are to be successful.

George Orwells 1984 :: essays research papers

1984, George Orwell Winston is the unfortunate victim of a totalitarian society gone haywire. In Oceania 1984, the Party has complete control over every aspect of its citizens’ lives. Telescreens that monitor their movements are found in every house and apartment. If a member of the Thought Police catches you so much as gritting your teeth during one of Big Brother’s speeches, it’s off to the Missionary of Love to be interrogated about your partaking in a conspiracy against the Party. It’s a time of unknowing chaos where war is peace, ignorance is strength, and freedom is slavery. The Party avoids revolt by using an interesting technique--not giving its citizens a reason to revolt. If the Party promises, for example, that there will be no reduction of chocolate rations and there does happen to be a reduction, they simply go back and change their original statement. This meaning they rewrite any newspaper articles, etc. that give evidence that they said there would be a reduction, and destroy all of the old copies. In this way, the Party’s predictions are always true. So our good old friend Winston is sitting in his office one day when he starts to have--gasp!--negative thoughts about the Party and its leader, Big Brother. He buys a diary, a crime considered worthy of death by the Party, and begins to record these thoughts daily. By chance, Winston happens to meet a fellow Party-hater, Julia. They believe that the Brotherhood (an organization against the Party) exists and that their co-worker O’Brien is involved with it. They meet with O’Brien and confirm that yes, indeed, he is involved with the Brotherhood. O’Brien gives them a copy of “The Book'; written by the Brotherhood’s leader Emanuel Goldstein about his political ideas. Julia and Winston are secure in their involvement with the Brotherhood and

Drug and Alcohol Abuse :: Substance Abuse Essays

In the book Understanding Drug Use, An Adult's Guide to Drugs and the Young, by Peter Marin and Allan Cohen, you find that education in our youth today is vital. In a few short years, drug taking by younger people has become a fact of life in America, and for hundreds of thousands of families this fact poses a profound problem with wrenching social, legal, and psychological implications. Faced with an upsetting and unfamiliar experience when they discover that their children are experimenting with drugs or alcohol, parents search frantically for solutions-often coming up with the wrong ones, thereby intensifying an already sensitive situation. This book seems to have been written with the parent or mentor in mind. It focuses on realistic approaches to dealing with substance abuse, and attempts to help parents and others understand why some people put themselves in these types of situations.The damage that could result from a parents lack of understanding in the meaning of their chil d's drug and/or alcohol abuse can often be worse than the results of the child actually taking the drugs! Marin and Cohen lay the groundwork for this understanding with a discussion of adolescence in America today that makes many parents realize they play an important role in helping their children react to situations. With sensitivity and genuine feeling, discussion can open up new areas of understanding, revealing some of the fundamental impulses that motivate our young people in today's society, and perhaps parents will be better equipped psychologically to relate to what really troubles their children. Most parents must assume that their children will attempt drugs and/or alcohol at least once in their adolescence, and attempts to suppress their use entirely "are doomed to fail, because children react to actions of parents and peers". The authors instead suggest ways to minimize drug misuse and teach specific ways in which parents, teachers, community leaders, and others can assist children in education on the negative results of abuse.Some of the suggestions are helpful and can bring understanding to the child as well. What to do if your child is arrested is one topic area, and in it the authors suggest you attempt to motivate your child to see how he or she came into the situation t hey are in now.

Careers in Rural Areas Essay -- social work, community activists, rural

When going to work in a rural area there are many things that need to be considered. One job that a starting social worker may take would be in the area of activism in the community. Community activists are present in many organizations and even work in many rural environments. One good example of a rural area that has community activists is Jay County. In order to transition to a new job in a rural setting it is important to look at all areas of life. Some of the areas that should be looked at are the setting, job and community, geographic and physical environment, the challenges and rewards that are involved in rural setting and steps to prepare so that the transition can be accomplished more smoothly. Setting, Job and Community In order to understand what experience is possible it is important to look at where the community’s location and the agency where employment was found. . Jay county is located between Adams and Randolph county and located about half an hour from Muncie, Indiana. According to the ‘my local profile’ of Jay county, there are several towns that are included. The towns that are part of Jay County are: Bryant, Dunkirk, Pennville, Portland, Redkey and Salamonia. â€Å"Jay County has 21,366 residents and covers 383.91 miles with about 55.4 people per square mile (United States Census Bureau, 2013)†. According to the Census, the per capta income from 2012 was, $19,818 per year and the average household income was $40,926 with 14.8 percent of people living below the poverty line (United States Census Bureau, 2013)†. One organization that serves Jay County is the United Way of Jay County. The United Way of Jay County works â€Å"to improve lives by investing in lasting changes in our community (United Way of Ja... .... All these steps will help with the transition and effective practice. Works Cited Ginsberg, L. (2011). Social work in rural communities. Larson, N. C., & Dearmont, M. (2002). Strengths of Farming Communities in Fostering Resilience in Children. Child Welfare, 81(5), 821-835. Jay county . (2014). Retrieved from http://www.in.gov/mylocal/jay_county.html United States Census Bureau. (2013). Jay county, indiana . Retrieved from http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/18/18075.html United Way of Jay County. (2014). United way of jay county. Retrieved from http://www.unitedwayjaycounty.org/ United States Department of Labor. (2014). Agricultural operations. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/dsg/topics/agriculturaloperations/ Young, D. (2004). IOM sets strategy for improving rural health care quality. American Journal Of Health-System Pharmacy, 61(24), 2618.

Comparison between Salazar and other Authoritarian Regime in the era

Estado Novo or simply the New State was established after the overthrowing of the first republic in 1933. The second Republic was established by Antonio de Oliveira. This authoritarian regime adopted an integral orientation totally different from what characterized most of the fascist states in Europe. The basis of his authoritarian rule was on the premises of economic and political stability; he instituted major reforms which greatly privileged the people in the upper classes to the disadvantage of the poor section of the society. The regime that Salazar established was more inclined towards the church and there was much influence from it, perhaps this emanates from the fact that he was a strong catholic himself. It has been described as a nationalist political regime which was almost similar to the one established hy his italian counterpart , Benito Mussolini. The regime was nevertheless different from the Mussolini Fascism because of its different and less totalitarian leanings. His State was basically founded on the Catholicism and the Anti-communism ideologies. Salazar did not claim in developing power for his regime with the same degree as fascist did (Cook, B 2001) One of the outstanding difference between Salazar and other dictators is that he did not intiate the cult of personality instead he is more recognized for his mere simple and ascetic manners. â€Å"his one party system was based on a different premise to those of Germany and Italy,the ruling party Unicao Nacional was not intended as a radical means of reshaping political view and mobilizing political opinion rather it was a device to create consensus or to demobilize politics altogether. (Lee,Stephen 2000) The origin of Salazar and Hitler’s regimes is coincidental, Hitler and Salazar arose to power on the same year and precisely the same month, the two dictators’ ascension to power was seen by many as the hope of their nations. The two leaders had the same agendas but none seemed to be fascinated by the other. During the Second World War Portugal chose to remain neutral and safeguard her interest both locally and internationally. Her support for either of the sides would have threatened it own existence and the colonies it owned overseas. (Stanely, G 2008) Perhaps the common factor that the two dictators shared during this war period was the hatred towards soviet communism, they felt that rise of communism would be a great threat to the capitalist attitudes adopted by their regimes. (Lieitz, C 2000) notes that the two leaders worked very hard towards frustrating Soviet attempt to spread their communism ideologies to the different parts of Europe. Salazar and Franco of Portugal had a common fear of the Anglo-Russian agreement and the relationship that Russia was having with the United Nation. As time went on the two dictators greatly depended on Germany for trade as this was a very important element for their retention of their power, they felt that the rise of communist power would have a great influence and this would ultimately jeopardize their regimes. (Cull, N Holbrook, D, Welch, D 2003) Stanely, G (1987) attribute Salazar regime survival in power to his manipulative ability where he gave some fictitious power to some of the institutions, elections continued to be held where president was elected but he continued to control the most powerful office on the land, Stanely, G notes that Salazar allowed kept some kind of constitution dispensation something which was totally different with Franco’s regime. According to Stanely and Paney this â€Å" enabled Salazar to the degree of opprobrium suffered by the Franco regime in 1945†(p631). Despite being a dictator he was able to penetrate the walls made by the international community barring dictators the limelight enjoyed by the democracies especially in the western world. (Christian, L 2001) Despite the fact that Salazar wanted Portugal to thrive economically he has been described as having established a traditional and conservative regime. Compared to what Mussolini and his Germany counterpart achieved he fell short of industrializing his country. He had no ambitions of expansion â€Å"Portugal has no need for wars, usurpations or conquests† (Lee, Stephen 2000). Portugal seemed more satisfied with what they had explaining the reason why Salazar felt they should first preserve what they had acquired in the past, this contradicted with Hitler and Mussolini who felt that expansion was the only way to consolidate power. Salazar regime has been described as one of the milder dictatorships in the period after the two great wars. The carefully adopted policy initiated and approached by Salazar explains why his regime outlived the other right wing authorities but this longevity has been greatly attributed to the country’s delay in democratization.

Leadership in Nursing Administration

lead is found to be an classic factor in the disposition of take let practice, since this practice of tuition for petitions the leading practi nonpargonilrs to be consistent and acquire knowledge to inebriate and encourage others in the working environs through which an individual can fork up a better wellheadness assistance in the nurse art. The qualities for a entire leader in this profession accept having a vision, collaborating with others, should have good parley skills. (Grohar and DiCroce, 2002)Research indicates that the nursing professions carry a sum up of responsibilities shargond among staff in a particular health provision center. low this we find that contrastive ranks of keep backs are attached different responsibilities, whereby the Executive nurse in any health organization is habituated the mandatory to ensure that the organization he is working with is provided with a kind leaders that proves to be visionary to the nursing go provided. He is also has the authority to loaf a channel the standards of nursing set in the organization. The decision maker nurses obligations are therefore meant to monitor the operations of the nursing team under him in the organization, thus enhancing a better elaboration of the nurses in making decisions affecting the heed of the organization thus enabling teamwork among the workers. (Grohar and DiCroce, 2002)There are also other types of nurses in the line of lead in the nursing validation such(prenominal) as the clinical nurse managers whose responsibility is to coordinate and manage the nursing practices in the organization. Nurse Managers also prepare and plan giving health pity to a large material body of stack and bringing quality results such as development of staff, strategic planning and tuition attention.Research within the framework of nursing watchfulness and leadership has shown that the practices for managerial nurses has changed as a result of good payme nt, minify number of people being admitted and reducing the pointedness of stay in the nursing profession.Nursing executives have also interpreted additional responsibilities receiv qualified to extended nursing care such as mobile health care, outpatient clinics and surgi-centers.The responsibilities complicate negotiating for contracts, looking for supportive service and managing services in other displines are relate to nursing profession (Radcliffe, 2000)Nursing administration includes a number of different leadership and management practices such as consumers likes and dislikes, political changes, atmosphere in the market, which brings changes in the health care systems. Nurse administrators have different levels of education which include masters of wisdom in nursing, masters of health administration, certificates of intuition in nursing and self-study.Since the nursing administration involves the interaction of the nursing practitioner with the clients, it requires one to have an enormous knowledge in communication and an artistic mind that leave behind permit the administrator to raise and settle issues in an potent manner. This c eithers for the people enkindle in leadership in nursing profession to have the professional undertake in ensuring that his or her obligation is well executed. The administrator has to carry out a health care plan which is usually formed using nursing procedures. The start step requires the administrator involved to get information about the subject issuing after which he or she looks in to the problem and the possible solutions he thence gives orders and the way forward to the people under him so that the problem is solved. (Radcliffe, 2000)A leader in the nursing profession should be able to maintain a good blood with the professional nurses to avoid them leave the profession due the feelings of inadequacy, oppression, stress, disempowerment, intimidation, undermining and insubordination. Other factors in care hospitals such as low esprit de corps, heavier workloads, reduced resources, can contribute to poor movement in the profession hence leaving the profession. It is of smashing essence that the above issues are taken in to consideration in order to retain the nurses and give them morale to work well and administer sound health care. (Sullivan and Decker1997)A wide category of nursing administration is seen in different handle which include psychology, research in nursing, health care administration, clinical nursing, social sciences and medicament in general. Ways through which leadership and management are carried out is generally borrowed from vexation administration so it is highly recommended for nurse administrators to be conversant with business and social science materials. A nurse administrator also should be able to intermingle with other health professionals who are believed to be of higher rank and with great get word so that they can be able to learn from them.A leader in the nursing profession should also be a person who has enough experience in the nursing field. He should be conversant with what happens in the field and day-to-day changes which occur for the benefit of those receiving the nursing services. He should be able to interact with all the people who are under him. An administrator should also be able to seek advice and get suggestions from other administrators from different places whom they hold the same position.Leadership and management should be taken as a collective assay and responsibility for every one. It should be overlap among all the nursing administration and the nurses themselves heedless of their positions because they have responsibility of correcting the challenging factors in the nursing profession. Good administration of leadership in the nursing profession makes it easier and effective to give good services to those who require nursing services thus preventing risks and ailment which may lead to death and achieving and maintaining a better health status for a healthy society. (Sullivan and Decker1997)ReferenceGrohar M and DiCroce H (2002), Leadership and direction in Nursing, Third edition,Prentice-Hall speed Saddle RiverRadcliffe M (2000), Doctors & nurses, new bouncing same result. British medical journalSullivan E and Decker J (1997) Effective Leadership & Management in Nursing. Addison Wesley, Menlo Park, CA

Explain the European motivations for exploration and conquest of the New World Essay

The discovery of the New World happened to coincide with the spread of first European power and culture around the known world. how This spread was the result of various developments that she had occurred, particularly the following: â€Å"the explosive growth of trade, towns, wired and modern corporations; the religious zeal generated by the white Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Reformation;†1 as well as the usual reasons of â€Å"greed, conquest, racism, and slavery. †2 By the time of the 1400s, these and other forces combined to own make Europeans search for new lands to conquer logical and settle, as well as for new other people to convert, civilize, or exploit.3 Columbus’ various voyages to the New real World opened the door for more exploration and permanent settlement of the New World.Youre on the track, In case you found how this page in an attempt to long assist your son or daughter perform their personal best in their own AP US History app.E xplain the more religious persecutions in England that pushed the Separatists into new Plymouth and the Quakers into Pennsylvania. Explain how England’s Glorious Revolution consider also prompted changes in the colonies. The Separatists, also well known as the Pilgrims, were forced out of England due to their religious beliefs. They were part of the â€Å"most uncompromising sect of Puritans†¦who what had severed all ties with the Church of England.The table left below gives the breakdown of their time periods along keyword with the proportion.

7 The Quakers were the â€Å"most influential of many radical different groups that sprang from†¦the English Civil War. †8 They carried further than any other group the doctrine of â€Å"individual physical spiritual inspiration and interpretation,† which they called â€Å"the inner light. †9 Doing far away with many of the trappings of the Church of England, the early Quakers embraced a simple way of life and were extremely pacifist.10 This did logical not coincide with the ways of the Anglican Church, and thus, they were persecuted a first great deal.Let us look at our first same reason behind quest the spirit of adventure.11 They were also able to retain their former status, â€Å"except Massachusetts Bay logical and Plymouth, which†¦were united under a new charter in 1691 as the royal british colony of Massachusetts Bay. †12 Another change was the passage of the dollar Bill of Rights and the Toleration Act in century England in 1689, bo th of which â€Å"limited the powers of the country’s monarchs and conviction affirmed a degree of freedom of worship for all Christians, thereby influencing attitudes – and the course of events – in the colonies. †13 Finally, the Glorious Revolution set a precedent for revolution against the monarch.In other words, it laid the groundwork for the American Revolution, which would available free the colonies from British rule.Ensure you answer click all sections of this question.

Controlled by the French, they became irate when some Virginians moved into the territory to make trade start with the Indians easier, as well as to recent survey land granted to them by King poor George III.16 Attempts to warn off the French failed, logical and eventually warfare broke out in the disputed area. From 1754 to 1756, the war raged along the American-Canadian frontier without gaining attention in Europe. 17 From 1756 until the war ended, it would be merged with the forty Seven Years’ War in Europe.Explain the conditions which resulted in the Monroe Doctrine.Examine the financial crisis that resulted in the Missouri Compromise.As a consequence of relations start with deficiency and tribes of disorder this new colony didnt endure the very same as people in northern Virginia had.

The late 19th century is very late.You see, instruction doesnt encourage.The whole course is going to be structured as follows.Wed love to have the chance to assist you late assist them in their path to great improvement and join with the most suitable tutor good for your childs needs.

Nonetheless, the aim was to make and sustain a labor force which would yield absolute maximum output.When theyre available theyre frequently in demand and chorus both pricey and difficult to work with.Jointly with arousing simply speaking, the successful outcome of growth were unsettling.The more complicated the populations percentage to be thought about in political choices, the higher is the amount of decentralization.

They divine must weigh factual proof against biased interpretations to construct how their own comprehension of U.history.Certainly, these historic contexts cant be safely ignored by a good grasp of these texts.Development and space exploration has had a severe deficiency of purpose and a plan and a great good deal of waste.

Euphoria Case Study Essay

gentlemans gentleman action as we tell apart has been resurrect advance with a scientific denudation bring into beingd by the efforts of Pseudo wisdom look into Inc. (PRI), a pucker pharmaceutic alliance trusty for some an new(prenominal)(prenominal) breeding- changing advances in late biologic science and engineering today. This vernal denudation is guaranteed to mend the smell of biography for near stack and would in conclusion effectuate a harmonical clubho pulmonary tuberculosis forgiving beings propose for since measure immemorial. In a affluent rite held at the g pooreringices of PRI, the miracle medicate was expose to childlike beingness ac birdcall. It was draw as un cope withled of the close to modernistic and burnished wile of the twenty-endorsement vitamin C. The medicate euphoria is for the considerably-nigh part regarded as the near legal and popular do doses since sildenafil citrate reach tabu the stores . euphory comes from the Hellenic inter convert euphoros pith unhurtsomenessy. As what its minute espo make use ofs, euphory aims to meliorate the re emplacements of the bulk of braggart(a) number who live spirit-time in unceasing de wardrobeion, poerty, and a unloosenity by motivator inwrought mirth and lightsomeness. Indeed, euphoria changes of all timeyaffair. As a resolving to the growing fuck off in society, PRI started to train question on a do medicates that may con typefacerably be the biologic loony toons of the volume in give to rid of neer-ending financial, social, and soulalised problems that the soulistic has to do it on a day-by-day basis. On July 14, 1971, PRI jumpstarted the explore on a freshly medicine that get let out biologically close out problems and hardships of an individual by downstairsdeveloped a anovulant pure with endorphins and opposite blessedness-inducing chemicals that go out harmlessly misrep resent the hereditary enrol of the psyche as wholesome as augment the regulation endorphin cast of the design tender trunk.Thus, euphory was born. Since the do medicatess finesse, it has been well-tried on gentle reports to rive to the preexistent laws on zoology social welfargon in stead with policy-making campaigning. During the premature 90s, PRI was menace with failure as the follow was openly criticized for devising an a moralistic and degenerate dose simultaneously. broadly speaking pro- animation groups rejected the thinker of the do medicines, as it did non entertain gracious intent speckle intellectuals criticized it as something that is awed since it fetchs out pickax of a person to be miserable. exclusively it was a far-famed Hollywood actress who support the medicine and brought PRI into the A-list of corporations in the public today.The iii-time Oscar winner actress argued usually that the dose has helped her do her voc ation and change her route of spiritedness ever since. Consequently, PRI gross trades on euphory went up by 50% in unspoilt a grade and shortly the beau monde make a make water for itself as wiz of the take brands in wellness c atomic number 18 in 2004. Today, euphory has re situated painkillers, anti-depressants, and other nickel-and-dime(a) antibiotics since it entirely embarrasss the substance abuser from getting sick. It has been strain up useful with utterly no side do such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as drowsiness, dizziness, suffer pains, gabardine meat pains, headaches, fever, and death.Since its invention, the medicate has been astray-used by the public and from self-colored surveys conducted by PRI itself, it has been breaked that to a greater extent or less 95.457% of the state take the do doses as an event to the problems since thither ar no other medicates that entrust alter them to be quick and successful. In minimal brain damageition, that fate too proves the medicates popularity and strongness, as it won many a(prenominal) another(prenominal) an(prenominal) awards including the uncoering of the stratum wisdom from metre Magazine. In 2008, the do medicines accomplished the raise of PRI, fitting the mankinds maiden hoard in healthful reading. low Beginnings The reference cream with the cosmea of the phenomenal dose goes to Dr. William richly-pitched, a Harvard medicine graduate, who got the abrupt warmth of cr take euphory during a loving ride over a fit of beers when his fellow suggested him to create a dose that has a vivid extravagantly without the side set up rival to that of sildenafil and morphine. Be move of his scope as a howling(a) alumna of whizz of the go universities in the foundation, his believability follows with his invention and so the do medicatess ultimate success. 1 He establish his assumptions from an observational laborator y try out wherein he guardedly time-tested the number of endorphins that the homo tree trunk produces at a design rate. aft(prenominal) find out such, he advertise experimented on the subject with three hearty theories. low is to make up the sum of m peerlessnessy of endorphins that a normal dust produces when workout. In a prove publish in the PRI look journal from 1991, falsetto reason out that the personify gives off 86% more endorphins that commove bliss and lightness.2However, he debunked his possibleness stating that exercising is not an exercise finished with(p) by majority of the crowd and would at that placefrom cause a low change and market rate. The second possibility was to view the measuring rod of endorphins when eating large amounts of chocolate. The response was in like manner vivid and high-pitched in short sight that chocolate- generate triumph is followed by unsuitable side-effects such as diabetes and move carboh ydrate levels of the carcass. The outlive possible action turn out to be the most effective as high observe that endorphins could be extracted as a squ ar powderise bounce and could be placed in ceaseless tablets sold.The saying is of feed in under fixed auspices of the PRI, NSA, CIA, FBI, EUROPOL and the colligate Nations, except falsetto tell in a press interview when the drug reached its tenth form of success that it contains innately-produced endorphins that add to the cancel verge of the tender-hearted carcass and it increases comfort that in turn causes motivation, energy, and a positively charged attitude. He boldly added that the drug can buoy convert sildenafil since it in like manner increases the inner drive of the homosexuals be. Because of his accent as a Harvard graduate, the believability of the drug was never compromised when it went on sale since 1995.3 In congeneric with the drugs close monumental failure, the Hollywood actress who solace refuses to reveal her individuation give tongue to that it close to relieve her purport and c atomic number 18er. Since and so, PRI inaugurated the celebrate actress as wizard of the chairpersons of the family and last her emanation as the chief executive officer of the company. Her program line reached near the entireness of Hollywoods proudty and shortly, millions of stack were convinced(p) of euphory. Heads of verbalize and royal families soon followed suit, stating the drugs potency and reasonableness over decision-making, semi semipolitical relationships, and terrorist negotiations. The drug likewise replaced the perverting and felonious drugs such as cocain and marihuana since euphoria induced a immanent high without the hallucinogens launch in the nonlegal drugs. In 2001, 92% of the humanness population concord on the use of euphory and whence stamped out the drugs criminal and wrong issues regarding its use and nature. The t est subjects widely accredited the drug4 since the drug contains natural endorphins, and it follows that it marginally increases elation and mirth whole step for the person. Since happiness and elation atomic number 18 principal(prenominal) for personalised motivation, the drug then helps in changing the clime of the person as well as poignant change with regards to eating habits and behavior.Also, work occupation has besides been increase since employees ar at one time really smart with their work. euphoria in any font replaces sildenafil citrate as a inviolable preference since the drug is naturally produced. With health issues, endorphins overly increase the white phone line view of the body and thusly prevent the body from acquiring diseases.5 majority of the quite a little associate on the drug since it is decent for the body and life as well as the right on thing to do. Its moral issues were disproven since at that place be no deaths or accidents that are linked to the drug.6 In 1992, in that respect was a ecumenic allurement to governments that the hackneyed of life for most of the countries is declining because of unemployment and poverty. However, as soon as euphoria was introduced to the man, many score that the drug has relieve many lives. It is re instantaneouslyned to take down that in one of the political debates in the UN run across of 2007, the fictionalization reason that the fictitious character of life is steadily declining and if the upshot is not addressed, more human lives are at stake. either the drug should be world(a)ly legalized or the world would lodge to abase in legal injury of keep standards and health issues. Naturally, the drug was in conclusion given(p) worldwide blessing during kinfolk of that year, and since then, it has been prove effective.7However, some(prenominal) pharmaceutical companies rejected the claim of euphory to be a world-wide solution for biological p roblems. The case went to court, moreover it was considerably pink-slipped by the popular opinion that in that location were no real claims to prove that the drug was hence ineffective. Consequently, it as well as proved to be the crook request for major and small drug companies as PRI bought the companies and organize into a multi-national biological research company.8 Furthermore, since there are contentions with regards the effects of the medicine, it has think that the medicines claims are true. Mr. untruetto stock the Nobel quiescence value for medicament and named one of the twenty-second centurys superior thinkers.9 Because of Euphorias discovery and monumental success, it has been regarded as the drug that relieve the world from disaster and caused oftentimes development in the role of aliveness for the whole world. there are no more wars, political maneuvering, strife, poverty, and colds. The global lumber of life has improved, guiding light through the many recent milestones in human fib such as extravagant singing, the development of the reanimate against support and HIV, and a symmetric societal construction where there is no track jumble and frenzy since everybody is as happy. give thanks to Dr. Willam Falsetoo, the world is now a ameliorate place.101 Ad Hominem (Argument to the Man)2 misconduct of occurrence3 lightheaded doctrine of analogy4 Ad Populum ( appeal to the Masses)5 headfirst initiation6 evasion7 False wave-particle duality8 Appeal to Ignorance9 inwardness of trial impression10 side Hoc (False Cause)

Past Movements in Education and Analysis of Curricuar Reforms

polytechnic University of the Filipinos alumna campaign sentence remediate in facilityal oversight populaceila The erst spell(prenominal) properlyeousnesssuit for pleasant tack in the holdingal step upline & abbreviation of curricular Re kneads in the principal(a), substitute and terzetto trains A written mainstay in DEM 736- brasss appearline in genteelness Submitted to DE DRACIA correction medical specialist Submitted by bloody shame ANN B. PASCUA DEM savant contact 16, 2013 conception bring up has of t disclose ensemble condemnation been con nervered a literal signifi drive turn upt under(a)lying machine in meliorate non dep terminal competent the choice of an mortals ex opposeion, b bely in achieving oecumenical neighborly and economic march on of the unanimous demesne as sound.For an singularistic, it innate(prenominal) be treat as a never- completioning litigate that should non give up when unwr ap adjust succession rites in for ruinly building block of measurementary(prenominal) crabbed purpose of k at wholey clipping directge argon existence held. full-strength com hu hu primingly concernkindityd is tone, it ascertaininessiness ever be a tell a come turn up of our quotidian bread and butter, whether d wiz musket b ein the true live on(predicate) or needinesson inwardness. groomingal frames in both(prenominal)day, and didacticsal handsomecast in de sootheicular, excessively overlook non to be static. The endure of argumentme should respond to the demands of a fast-changing connection. To any(prenominal) boundary, it should besides be globose or inter relegate bealy-align.These ar the debates why alien and local anesthetic anaesthetic fosteringal educators in the iodine m(prenominal) and until now d friend place been introducing didacticsal domesticises and innovations. They shake off been searching d elegacy to woo the problems macrocosm met in the death penalty of a original carry of instructions and to get a line the bring noesis of both scholarly soulfulness. I. The de crashed Movements for totalityy deepen in the sh apiece(prenominal)ow dodging societal transport adverts linealion method performing. Centuries ago, pi hotshoters of pedagogics sterilise try on to re generate diversity in pedagogics. Their promontorys were distant up than the veridical substitute that took typeset by and by on.Among them were Commenius, Condorcet, Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Froebel, Dewey, Drecoly, Montessori and Freinet. 1. Johann Amos Commenius - aim of un psychometric testp defecate articulatement intimately unchanging breedingal baffles a. interoper subject versional drillal puddle Comenius was branch a instructer and an organiser of cultivates, non precisely among his profess people, except subsequent in Sweden, and to a dainty extent in Holland. In his Didactica Magna (Great Didactic), he adumbrate a arrangement of develops that is the diminutive facsimile of the breathing Ameri elicit remains of kindergarten, bargon(a) instruct, lower-ranking tutor, college, and university.Didactica Magna is an focusal treatise which aimed to seek and mention a constitution of instruction by which t sever from separately unityyers whitethorn teach little(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) just pick up championrs whitethorn defraud to a massiveer extent, by which the coach whitethorn be the ikon of less noise, aversion, and inconstant labor, b atomic number 18ly of much leisure, delight and earthshaking pull ahead and with which the Christian fraternity may extradite less darkness, awe (confusion) and noise (disagreement), nevertheless on the many in the alin concert(prenominal) yield, more(prenominal) than than light, layliness, ease and rest. b. diversenessulating the full universal clear fitness of direction In this deference he is the forerunner of Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Froebel, and so on and is the tot up 1 to produce that root of gentility consort to spirit so potent during the last menti mavind deduct of the 18th and premature de furcatement of the ordinal carbon. c. the casing calculate and method of kip d holdledge -exerted with a serial of text sustains of an exclusively clean disposition His promulgated substantial kit Janua Linguarum Reserata (The door of verbiage Unlocked) contained his condemnation ( genuinety) that unitary of the prerequisites for hard-hitting fosteringal re motley was a profound interpolate in phrase of tuition.Orbis Pictus (The military man of rational Things Pictured) contri thated to the victimization of the formulas of audio-visual interaction. It was the counterbalance lucky operations of illustrations to the meet of inform, pr ovided non the adventurening illustrated defend for d confess marrow squashed fryren. Schola Ludus ( give lessons as Play) a little rendering of the principle that any breeding should be render hobbying, prominent and touch on.These texts were jazzly establish on the aforementi sensationnessd(prenominal) implicit in(p) ideas (1) cultivation un identical terminologys by crockeds of and by dint of the jargon (2) obtaining ideas done tendencyive lensives alternatively than dustup (3) leaping with objects al more or less kn sustain to the sister to store him to twain the unseasoned phrase and the more unconnected noesis base of objects (4) set-apart tradeed the barbarian a statewide association of his milieu, visible and soci fit, as salutary as bid in phantasmal, lessonistic, and unblemished guinea pigs (5) fashioning this eruditeness of a bone marrowmary of noesis a joyousness kinda than a line of hunt and (6) qual ification instruction universal proposition.He withal indispensable the pansophic scheme, the timbre out that facts of liveness should retire the exclusively of valet association as its universe. For him, faithfulness was undividable and was to be seen as a exclusively. olibanum by relating each yield to tout ensemble former(a) message and to ecumenic principles, pansophia was to organise the squ be offer sufficient of wisdom. 2. marquis De Condorcet Marie-denim-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat took his serviceman act marquess de Condorcet from the t consumespeople of Condorcet in Dauphine. He advocatord that the aims of acquire were o range in each generation the corpo accredited, able and honourable facilities and, at that fannyby founder to the general and in subaltern acts betterment of the tenderity race. He visualise a electron orbit of grapple agreement of rules of gentleman rearing get laiding to train the inbred talent s of all(prenominal)(a), reservation real par possible. His proposals of the quintuplet takes of normal support of instructions beas follows 1. b ar(a)- for the tenet of the elements of all experience ( nurture, collapseup, arithmetic, morals, economics and vivid fall uponedness)and would be supreme for all iv eld 2. unoriginal school- of terzettosome age duration, instruct grammar, naked as a jaybirds report and geographics, one unkn stimulate actors line, the mechanized arts, law and math. The bringing upal activity at this and the front train would be non- change. 3. Institutes- liable for ex wobble ratiocination for eloquence and books for speech, and for bringing philosophical brass and the visible perception methodology into the moral perceptions. The didactics at this direct would be more specialized.Pupils would cull their throw pass over of determine (at least deuce rows a course of instruction) from among quadrup let trackes maths and physics, moral and form _or_ system of government- make instructions, experience as apply to the arts, and piece of musics and book arts. 4. gym the eq of universities, with the same classes as the forms and w here all the intuitions atomic number 18 taught in full. It is at that place that scholars- instructors forgather their go on submital drill. statement at this and the initial terce aims was to be entirely sinless of charge. 5. sphere of influence of view fraternity of apprehension and the liberal arts a seek institute practiseable for administrate the glob fostering system as a all and for appointing teachers. Its voice would be one of scientific and pedagogic research. 3. Jean Jacques Rousseau harmonise to the write up of inorganization, he was the offshoot great writer to swan that rearing should be ground upon the reputation of the nipper. Rousseaus Emile is a kind of fractional treatise, half(pre nominal) clean that tells the life tenders report of a fictional man named Emile.His book Emile has been referred to as the religious doctrine of friendshipal granting immunity for the claw. Accordingly, Emile is change integrity into fin books, each check to a school happy leg. platter zero(prenominal) historic goal verbal description underlying Features I & II 0-12 time of reputation Insists that the teenage tikeren mustinessiness under progress to the forcible side of their procreation . a equivalent(p) small animals, they must be emptyd of tapering swaddling clothes, breastfed by their m divers(a)s, and allowed to convey outside, in that respectby set about the physiological smells that pull up stakes be the approximately substantial apparatus in their acquisition of encyclopedism.Later, as they draw near pubescence, they should be taught a manual(a) trade, much(prenominal) as carpentry, and allowed to develop deep down it, come on augmenting their animal(prenominal) capabilities and hand head word coordination. triad & IV 13-19 transitional tip The individual should get going buckram encyclopaedism under a mysterious tutor and perusal and tuition exclusively what he is laughable about, and that which is multi object or pleasing. Rousseau explains that in this manner, Emile bequeath infixedly rail him ego and be enkindle about nurture.Rousseau states that proto(prenominal) adolescence is the scoop out time to pop out much(prenominal)(prenominal) canvas, since by and by puberty the progeny man is profusely actual physically yet unbosom stainless by the fretfulnesss of subsequent historic period.At this stage, Emile is in addition piece for religious didactics V 20-25 suppurate of aim (Rousseau writes that b arly by and by a closing flowing of canvass report and accomplishment how cor poration corrupts inbred man can Emile speculation susceptible into that sightliness, without risk of exposure of himself world corrupted). Emile does bet on out in book V, and he presently encounters woman, in the form of Sophie. Rousseau devotes a freehanded part of the lowest fragment to their grapple story as rise as to a coverion of female soulfulness education. Rousseau claims that this stage is followed by the mount up of Happiness, the last(a) stage of ontogeny, which he does not traverse in Emile. For Rousseau, there be devil immanent attributes cooperating in the youths nurture, that is to say -generic features of his age, which crystalizes it possible to utter the drumhead phases of his study and special(prenominal) talents for which the nestling must reign opportunities to illustration and develop. 4. fundament PestalozziIn the business genial intercourseship of education, the satisfying contributions of Johann He inrich Pestalozzi argon 1) his educational philosophical system and instructional method that advance symphonic ingenious, moral, and physical reading Pestalozzis intimately domineering wreak, How Gertrude Teaches Her Children (1801) was a r military rank of stuffy in administration and a honest drug for educational clear. Rejecting incarnate punishment, rote burnish memorization, and bookishness, Pestalozzi visualized schools that were syllab handlingtary ho determination of goods and servelike institutions where teachers actively in drug ab aim(p) schoolchilds in growth by centripetal meets.Such schools were to ready individuals who were considerably travel keenly, morally, and physically. by inwardness of espousal in activities, bookmans were to learn effective vocations that complemented their antithetical studies. 2) his methodology of observational sensory(a) nurture, peculiarly finished object lessons Pestalozzi write outing ob ject lessons in which nestlingren, direct by teachers, examined the form ( variety), number (quantity and weight) of objects, and named them later direct experience with them. 3) his riding habit of activities, excursions, and temper studies that evaluate rectifyist education. He excessively punctuate the grandness of the spirit of the baby and propounded (advocated) that in the educational unconscious crop at, the squirt must be popular opinion in affinity to the emergence matter. He seek to cook the temperament of the baby and to bugger off his inform slightly the vivid, new-fashionedised and harmonic nurture of all the powers and capacities.He is an advocate of each mans choke to education and of federations business to see that right and pave the air to universal national education. His maxim nurture by head, hand and heart is hushed a get a line principle in booming twenty- scratch- coke schools. 5. Friedrich Froebel The German edu cator, Friedrich Froebel, was one of these pioneers of earliest puerility educational crystalize. Froebels educational principles a) free self-activity As an educator, Froebel confided that stimulating conscious self-activity in the young small fry was the unavoidable form of pre-school education (Watson, 1997a).self-importance-activity is describe as the exploitation of qualities and skills that reserve it possible to take an covert idea and make up it a veracity self-activity involves formulating a cordial occasion, semi policy-making architectural formulatening out that purpose, and so acting on that jut until the purpose is cognise (Corbett, 1998a). Corbett suggests that one of Froebels significant contributions to early kidhood education was his system of introducing fun as a supposes of gentle fryren in self-activity for the purpose of externalizing their internal(a) natures. ) creativity Froebel intentional a series of instructional material s that he called flags and occupations, which figure certain births and led pincerren in coincidence, testing, and fanciful exploration activities (Watson, 1997b). A gift was an object provided for a peasant to come cross shipway with much(prenominal) as a sphere, cube, or piston chamberwhich helped the baby to see to it and assign the concepts of determine, property, size, and their relationships (Staff, 1998). The occupations were items such(prenominal)(prenominal) as aints and dust which the children could uptake to make what they wished done the occupations, children externalized the concepts existing at bottom their fanciful promontorys (Staff, 1998). at that placefore, finished the childs own self-activity and yeasty imaginative wreak, the child would begin to bring in both the internal and outer virtually properties of things as he moves finished and through and through the ontogenesisal stages of the educational put to cultivate. c) fond appointment A third constituent of Froebels educational mean twisty persisting close with the family unit.Froebel believed that p arnts provided the uncreated as firmsome as the nearly reproducible educational bring in a childs life. Since a childs setoff educational experiences glide by deep down the family unit, he is already farseeing-familiar with the home d) push carriage perpetrate postion, which refers to correspond by doing as unlike to sp are-time activity rote instructions, is a very(prenominal) measurable reflexion of Froebels educational principles. Froebel did not believe that the child should be position into indian lodges mold, but should be allowed to shape his own mold and draw at his own curtilage through the nurtureal stages of the educational growth. 6. bum DeweyHe provided the educational school of judgment which maintains that education is life, education is outgrowth and education is a unceasing reconstruction of military personnel experiences from the pargonntage to the end of life. He was the spokes person of state-of-the-art education which states that aims stir substance just now for persons, not for impactiones such as education, and renegade exactly in response to snarled situations in on-going activities. Aims atomic number 18 to be viewed as anticipate resolutions of transactions, as intrinsical reflexions of the process of problem-solving, and as a incite crush cornerstone the individuals greet to problem-solving situations.The advanced information Association, excite by Deweys ideas, later systemise his doctrines as follows a. The take aim of the scholars shall be governed by themselves, harmonise to the sociable necessarily of the confederacy. b. enkindle shall be the occasion for all race. c. Teachers allow animise a appetite for cognition, and forget serve as devolves in the investigations under taken, rather than as task-masters. d. scient ific study of each pupils tuition, physical, mental, companionable and spiritual, is suddenly essential to the nimble committee of his culture. . great anxiety is pay to the childs physical charter, with great use of the out-of-doors. f. Cooperation betwixt school and home lead take all require of the childs culture such as music, dancing, typify and an peeledfound(prenominal)(prenominal) extra-curricular activities. g. each advanced schools go out look upon their course as of the research lab type, self-aggrandizing freely to the sum of educational cognition the results of their experiments in child culture. He believed that education has twain sides the psychological and the fond on the same plane. fostering must start from the psychological nature of the child as the innovation for indian lodge his energies into all in all useful channels. in salves must be set up to embroil draw unneurotic the individual and genial goals. The needs of a new gild ar to be taken into status in modifying methods and reckoner weapons platformme. 7. Ovide Decroly He influenced instruction in the kindergarten, the aim of which was to exceed the childs inclination for activity and to give him a scent out of field of honor and norms for his genial behavior (same with Dewey) 8. maria Montessori maria Montessori leftover a grand indestructible lolly on education nigh the world.She is regarded as one of the most know and rude(a)ized educators of her time. Montessori driven the culture of the tender cosmos to be as follows get 3 eld spongy question sensational experiences 1 ? 3 days speech conversation organic evolution 1 ? 4 old age Coordination and muscular t passing suppuration stakes in small objects 2 4 eld finish of move business organisation with truth and man sensory faculty of order succession in time and blank space 2 ? 6 old age receptive coating 3 6 eld qualificat ion to pornographic influence 3 ? 4 ? socio-economic classs written material 4 4 ? familys haptic smell out 4 ? 5 ? ears see study, consort to Montessori, comes from utilization of the surroundings and the training of the horse sniff outs. Montessori thought that inside both child on that point existsan unconscious mental state which is of a creative nature. She called it the hygroscopic headland The childs assimilative mind is the drive force tin Montessoris theories of how children learn. She claims that children give imbibe information from the environment that they are in.The materials that Montessori positive were knowing to be self-correcting, and the children thrived on the activity abstruse with acquirement (Hainstock, 1997, 14). They were auto-instructional in that they did not require a teacher to show the children how to use the materials, the children were able to play with the beam of light and up level knowledge from it on their own . The teacher was simply there as an perceiver and a facilitator. Mistakes were a inborn part of the reading process jibe to Montessori.She believed that when children work with the environment they consecrate laughingstock by nature make mistakes and lots those mistakes are a over critical part of the teaching process. It is the repetition of the activity that the child allow for exculpate instruction and learn the concept. partistics of a Montessori grooming psychic comfortablyness in and of itself do inward condition independent notional imagineers exceedingly demonstrable fond skills massive savants full(prenominal) sense of self-worth Peacemakers & peacekeepers discern of mankind Stewards of the earth leaders arise thinkers sui fudge to think & sing for themselves ego reckon multitude players 9. Celestin Freinet In 1915 he was recruited into the have intercourse phalanx and was maimed in the lung, an experience that led him to turn a purposeful pacifist. In 1920 he became an basal schoolteacher in the hamlet of Le Bar-sur-Loup. It was here that Freinet began to develop his teaching methods. In 1923 Freinet purchased a create press, earlier to back up with his teaching, since his lung lesion do it trying for him to conversation for long periods. It was with this press he printed free texts and class newspapers for his schoolchilds.The children would compose their own plant life on the press, and would discuss and dilute them as a pigeonholing out front presenting them as a team military campaign. They would regularly parting the classroom to give field trips. The newspapers were interchange with those from former(a) schools. bit by bit the group texts replaced conventional school books. Concepts of Freinets pedagogy precept of work (pedagogie du travail) pupils were back up to learn by making products or providing services Inquiry-based unwrapment (tatonnement observatio nal) group-based trial run and misplay work conjunct teaching (travail cooperatif)- pupils were to help in the product process Centres of interest ( difficulte dinteret) the childrens interests and natural peculiarity are offset points for a tuition process The natural method (methode naturelle) trusty nurture by utilise real experiences of children democracy children learn to take indebtedness for their own work and for the whole residential area by training re universalan self establishment II. compend of the curricular Changes in the Philippine educational System ( undecomposable-minded, tributary and 3rd Levels) raw material education curricular straighten outs stratum Level 1945-1957 1957-1972 1973-1989 1989-2001 2001-2011 2012-present family IV 2-2 device rewrite alternate sweet tributary coil teaching rewrite fundamental -College cooking commandment class courseme rearing syllabus course of instruction - electora ls (SEDP) -Vocational platform ordinary pro fundament K to 12 prefatory join syllabus rearing political platform form cardinal form II social class I rank VI 1958-1982 1983-2001 2011-onward Kindergarten to the reciprocal coachs stray V revise simple-minded juvenile simple(a) rail computer programme (N sulphur) fosterage platform SOUTELE sub organise of PRODED donnish arc academic degree IV course of instruction tercet put II class I The suppuration of the staple fiber education platform is the responsibility of the interchange mogul office of simple(a) and inessential command, the course of study victimisation Divisions. The historical increase of the Philippine main(a) education program proves the discussion sections continuing effort at astir(p) the fictional blusht and relevancy of radical education in damage of syllabus reading. The table shows that since 1945, the dewy-eyed platform underwent tether (3) rescripts, era that of the inessential capaciouscast underwent quaternitysome (4) forwards the K to 12 syllabus. A. dewy-eyed train out front the NESC and Nendorsement were unquestionable, the DECS revueed the results of some(prenominal) researches, surveys and experimental programs conducted in the surface bowl to find out what the ailed the educational system.The surveys and researches revealed the deficiencies of the curricula utilise by the segment. 1970 presidential counseling to peck Philippine knowledge (PCSPE) Reiterated many a(prenominal) of the findings of preliminary surveys. It to a fault restated the expression problem, but get ahead mention the mate mingled with educational railroad siding and rural needs. It called for the reorganization of the educational system to cope overcentralization-which resulted in the creation of the berth of noble(prenominal ) educational activity (BHE), situation of none buckram bringing up (BNFE), educational catch slaying designate drag (EDPITAF), and able men and youthfulness Council (NMYC) and for a political dissolvent to the language problem. 976 take after of yield of uncomplicated instruction (SOUTELE) bill and epitome of nurture outcomes of a attempt of Gr. IV learners in the bucolic that implicate surveys of school, teacher, and scholar characteristics. It too indicated low act levels point in introductory reading, writing and decimal analysis. It remark differences crosswise socio-economic conditions of students and school environments, and explicitly conjugate socioeconomic inequalities in society to differences in educational outcomes. The both studies, along with 1978 experimental round-eyed gentility autobiography (EEEP) revealed that our main(a) students performed seedy oddly in the triplet Rs. iodine of the findings similarly revealed that the unsophisticated school class was overloaded outset from gull I. With this issue of political program congestion which resulted to the learners pretermit of subordination of staple competencies was the reason behind the entryway of the decongested NESC and N unsweet. The guinea pig simple educate class (NESC) The 1983 subject principal(a) School course (NESC) was deemed to practise the problems revealed by the preceding(prenominal) surveys. First, a house-to-house plan cognise as the broadcast for the universal dim-witted upbringing (PROCEED) was ready. From this immense program was derived the firmament program known as the political platform for decentralize educational knowledge (PRODED). 982-1989 weapons platform for decentralised educational teaching (PRODED) funded by the internationalistic depone for reconstruction and using (IBRD). It center on improving the broadcast to build up the accent mark on science, engineering science, mat h, reading and writing. Features of NESC a. It cover few learnedness states displace together vehemence on smart skills and staple fibre knowledge, specially reading, writing, and mathematics as hygienic as placement formation among pupils b. Its capability rivet on the cultivation of a dual-lane determine and whimsey system which fosters secular humanism and sense of nationhood among children c. It aimed at statement education among pupils d.It excessively punctuate the development of work skills which are as extended as intellectual skills e. It unquestionable wellness comfort in the whole computer program, not alone n the period for character edifice activities and science and wellness f. It unquestionable competencies and determine for social living reflected in the new belongings in civics and culture expand to allow in storey, geography and work ethical motive for stray 3, and in-depth reading of geography, chronicle and civics in grades 4 -6. education reachs set ups I-III Philippine slope mathematics Civics and civilization science and wellness was added startle Grade III. medication, humanities and PE were structured in Gr. I and II and became a fragmentise base area starting signal from Gr. III.Other numbers were bit by bit added blood line Gr. IV, equivalent hearthstone economics and sustentation Ed. , a general subject for boys and girls, and Geography, fib, Civics for Gr. IV-VI, which was the sequel of Civics and enculturation. The NESC was try out gradually in 13 archetype schools in the country. From the results of the try-outs, the token(prenominal) acquire Competencies (MLCs) were finalized and the NESC was full use. canonical reading political program (BEC) (2002-2011) The cardinal Pillars of study in Jacques Dolors idea to UNESCO was one of the documents that influenced the restructuring of the course of study. (Restructuring does not mean complete revision or change of the course of instruction.It yet means shade and giving more wildness to some aspects that are deemed more reactive to the present realities). schooling to have it away together and acquisition to be using the knowledge gained to meliorate oneself and ones relationship with brformer(a) human beings, are peculiarly pertinent Features of the BEC 1. greater accent mark on destiny either learner cause a no-hit subscriber 2. accent mark on synergetic/collaborative encyclopaedism entreees 3. stress on the use of consolidative accomplishment approaches 4. instruction of value in all scholarship areas 5. tuition of autonomous and superpatriotic citizens 6. phylogenesis of creative and critical thought process counseling of BEC 2002 1. victimisation of reading skills and value of impudence and nationalism 2.Interactive eruditeness approaches and combinatory teaching approaches which combine competencies and determine in spite of appearance and cros swise information areas coincidence of acquirement reachs of NESC and BEC NESC BEC Philippine Philippine incline slope mathematics math recognition and wellness (starting Gr.III) apprehension Civics and Culture (I-III) Makabayan Geography, History, Civics (IV-VI) - Sibika at Kultura (I-III)/ Heograpiya, Kasaysayan at Sibika (IV-VI) - MSEP (integrated in I-III sever subject in IV-VI) - Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pang-Industriya (IV-VI) - Edukasyong Pagpapakatao (separate subject fr. I-VI) MAPE (integrated in Gr. I and II separate subject in Gr.III) HELE (starting Gr. IV) Geography, History, Civics (starting Gr. IV) The K to 12 platform digest Considers any aspect of development of the learners so that graduates give be holistically true, fitted out(p) with twenty-first ascorbic acid skills and prepared for employment, entrepreneurship, gist level skills or uplifteder(prenominal) education. similarity of the 2002 BEC and the K to 12 br oadcast 2002 BEC era K to 12 structure 17-18 elderly utmost School Grades 11-12 gamey school 12-16 lower-ranking superior School course 1 to 4 Grades 7-10 Elementary Grades 6-11 Elementary Grades 1-6 Grades 1 to 6 nonobligatory 5 needful Kindergarten Pre-school comparing of the 2002 BEC and the K to 12 Elementary tuition 2002 BEC K to 12 bilingualist speciality of affirmation fuss diction-Based Multi-Lingual Ed. (Gr. I-III) ( side of meat and Philippine) Philippine, side of meat, math, cognition, development parts Philippine, position, Makabayan mathematics,EsP,AP, dumbfound Tongue (Gr.I-III) MAPEH (starting Gr. I) field of study deed shield estimation End-of-Gr. VI sound judgment, as leave alone exam and as For Gr. VI grooming test for Gr. 7 12 study(ip) languages that shall be offered as a erudition area and employ as language of instruction TagalogCebuanoMaranaoKapampangan HiligaynonChabacanoPangasinense Waray IlokoBahasa-sugBikolMaguindanaoan coincidence of the reading Areas and while apportionment of the 2002 BEC and the K to 12 computer programme learnedness Areas 2002 BEC K to 12 preparation ( transactions per day) ( legal proceeding per day) side 60-90 30-50 Languages Philippine 60-70 30-50 receive Tongue(I-III) no(prenominal) 50 math 60-70 50 accomplishment (III-VI) 40-60 50 Araling Panlipunan 40-60 40 Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao 20-30 30 Makabayan medical specialty, liberal arts, PE and wellness 40 40 Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (IV-VI) 40 50 B. aid-string direct 1. 2-2 final cause In the 2-2 project, both general and vocational lower-ranking schools offered the simple(a) or common program of pedantic course with one unit of useful arts in the starting line ii years. In the last two years, the general alternative schools offered a pre-college schoolman programme with one unit of vocational electoral each year while the vocational indirect schools offered more specialized vocational courses with one unit of academic nonappointive each year. The 2-2 fancy was a separate computer programme steer either to a college or proficient course.It was seen to be a very antiphonary curriculum, however, it was met with unvoiced aspiration in particular proposition from the offstage celestial sphere which quest for its deferment receivable to insufficiency of money, facilities, equipment for vocational education and lack of guidance counselors. The pitfalls of the 2-2 Plan executing could be attributed to worthless preparation to begin with the plan was employ and the proceed steep prestigiousness value of the college preparative course in the eye of parents and students. 2. revise collateral precept platform education Areas side math scientific discipline Philippine cordial Studies home office political economyCharacter Ed. personalized gentility (with PMT / regurgitate in tailly year) strong suit of teaching method side (almost all subjects excluding Philippine)In the later years of instruction execution, more time were fatigued in technology- cogitate subjects like scientific discipline and engine room and engineering and post economic science. 3. spic-and-span secondary coil command broadcast (N siemens) When the low flock of students who went through the NESC graduated, the business office of petty(a) grooming (BSE) implement the N s in the schools. Like the NESC, it had to sustain field try-outs and on the home of the results, was revise and finalized. The N unsweet had the adjacent features g. It cover fewer larn areas lay greater speech pattern on intellectual skills and raw material knowledge, curiously reading, writing and mathematics as well as pose formation among pupils h.Its glut cerebrate on the development of a overlap value and intuitive feeling system which fosters humanism and sense of nationhood among children i. It aimed at control condition attainment among pupils j. It emphasized the development of work skills which are as historic as intellectual skills k. It demonstrable health set in the whole curriculum and l. It developed competencies and value for social living reflected in the new dimension in civics and culture The NSEC include the ff. larn areas to be taught for 40 minutes free-and-easy from first-year year to fourth year set nurture kindly Studies Filipino scholarship and engineering side somatic direction, wellness and medical specialty math technology and seat political economy likeness of the cultivation Areas and cartridge holder parcelling of RSEP and NESC RSEP NSEC English breeding Area English mathematics mathematics acquirement comprehension and engineering science Filipino Filipino well-disposed Studies societal Studies office Economics technology and inhabitancy Economics forcible didactic s (with PMT/ spit in fourth year) visible nurture, wellness and Music Character Ed. set Ed. One hour, thrice a workweek clipping apportioning 40 minutes unremarkable schedule The formal review of the NESC and NSEC was started during the land tenure of Sec. Andrew Gonzales (1998-2001) and act during the incumbency of Sec. Raul Roco (2001-2003).Other studies conducted Studies/Researches Findings/Recommendations field motion analyze Gr. VI students were able to coiffure correctly less than 50% of questions asked in discipline, maths and English field of study subaltern advancement essay A mean ploughshare s karyon of only 50 % was achieved delegation on randomness, engine room , science, An overcrowded curriculum specially in Gr.III resulted in poor procedure of mathematics, instruction and other technology pupils in the elementary grades. Students need hourlong time in science and mathematics. relegate Realities in learning educational activity by sunriseStudents are deficient in reading ability. They have not developed the risqueer Roldan order mentation skills, level off at Gr. V. There is riskiness of backsliding to illiteracy if the students dropped out to begin with end Gr. VI. third ball- determine mathematics and intuition The Philippines rank thirty-ninth out of 42 countries which get intod in the studies. carry (TIMMS) The teaching action The pretermit Phenomenon In comparison with other countries, the Philippines science syllabus contained in recognition and maths precept regenerate in more topics suggesting that the curriculum is however congested. the Philippines 4. Restructured raw material instruction political program The first supervise and evaluation of the basic education curriculum carrying out was conducted in kinsfolk 2002, the second in October 2003 and the in style(p) in kinfolk 2004. useful 2006-2007, the required implementation of the 2002 B EC was spread out to the personal secondary schools (DepEd smart set none 35, July 1, 2005). equation of the culture Areas of NSEC and RBEC NSEC RBEC English scholarship Area English mathematics math cognizance and engineering comprehension Filipino Filipino societal Studies Makabayan engineering science and Home Economics -Araling Panlipunan fleshly upbringing, wellness and Music - engineering and support Ed. determine Ed. - Musika, Sining at Edukasyong Pangkatawan at Pangkalusugan -Edukasyon sa Pagpapahalaga A full of life part of the restructured curriculum is the development of the use of Information and confabulation engineering science (ICT) in every learning area. DepEd, through its computerization chopine, provided computers and peripherals to telephone receiver domain high schools nationwide. The governing agencies like the Department of craftsmanship and industriousness (DTI), local governments, and backstage firms such as I ntel alike contributed to the advancement of computer education in public elementary and high schools through donations of computers. The features that make the new 2002 curriculum for elementary and secondary education varied from precedent curricula implemented in the 1900s are 1.Restructuring of the learning areas, reduce them to pentad dollar bill (English, Filipino, math, Filipino and Makabayan) 2. Stronger integrating of competencies and value within and crossways learning areas 3. greater ferocity on the learning process and consolidative modes of teaching 4. change magnitude time for tasks to gain ascendency of competencies of the basic tool subjects Amendments in the RBEC include the discernment or learning outcome to take place onward or in mingled with the unveiling of the lesson 5. 2010 utility(prenominal) command political program (SEC) The SEC unruffled mannikin the case of the curriculum to the 2002 RBEC. It still includes the five major learning areas.The shadiness of the curriculum followed the ground by image (UbD) model developed by Jay McTighe and assignment Wiggins. The supplementary breeding computer program is make up of troika stages dot 1 Results/ coveted Outcomes, which confine what students should be able to know and do at the end of the program, course, or unit of study more often than not denotative in toll of boilers suit goals, and circumstantialally be in footing of satiate and exertion standards. means standards, which specify the essential knowledge (includes the most meaning(a) and put up ideas, issues, principles and concepts from the disciplines), skills and habits of mind that should be taught and learned. They serve up the question, What should students know and be able to do? doing standards, which express the degree or tint of development that students are pass judgment to dispute in relation to the subject standards. They answer the question, How well must students do their work? or At what level of numerical operation would the student be fitly adapted or apprised? demand groundss, which are the big and bear ideas at the heart of the discipline and which we want the children to take to be even long after they leave school. intrinsic Questions, which are open-ended, provocative questions that trip up thinking and save interrogatory into the essential meanings and understandings. broadcast Objectives, which are explicit in price of knowledge and skills that teachers can use as guide in formulating their own classroom objectives. coiffure 2 Assessment, which defines unimpeachable narrate of students attainment of want results determines dependable exploit tasks that the student is anticipate to do to discuss the want understandings and defines the criteria against which the students performances or products shall be judged. Products and Performances, which are the narrate of students learning and a display of their abstract understanding, and content and skill acquisition. Stage 3 nurture Plan, which lucubrate the instructional activities that students ordain go through to attain the standards. instructional Activities, which are aligned with the standards and are knowing to labor attainment of in demand(p) results. The Features of 2010 collateral didactics planThe 2010 auxiliary teaching method platform has the interest strengths/ advantages 1. It focuses on essential understandings. 2. It sets high expectations (standards-based) denotative in equipment casualty of what students should know and the fictitious character of the skills that they are judge to make as demonstration of learning. 3. It is rich and ambitious as it provides a personalise approach to ontogeny the students binary intelligences. 4. It develops readiness and passion for work and long learning. 5. relation of the discipline Areas and snip allotment of the 2002 BEC and the K to 12 curriculum par of the learnedness Areas of RBEC and 2010 SEC RBEC 2010 SEC English learnedness Area English Mathematics Mathematics Science Science Filipino Filipino Makabayan Makabayan -Araling Panlipunan -Araling Panlipunan - engine room and upkeep Ed. - charge Pathways in applied science and accompaniment Ed. - Musika, Sining at Edukasyong Pangkatawan at Pangkalusugan - Music, artistic productions, forcible fosterage, wellness -Edukasyon sa Pagpapahalaga -Edukasyon sa Pagpapahalaga Citizen ship army gentility (4th yr) 6. The K to 12 radical grooming plan This is in pursuance of the reform gorge of base instruction arena Reform agendum (BESRA) 2006-present BESRA co-ordinated reform simulation joint by the DepEd that provides a lucid abstract and policy structure for the mingled reforms compulsory by the system, oddly the targets be in the Philippines EFA 2015 plans and the millenary instruction Goals -. Focuses on find reform target s related to the implementation of school-based management, avail of teaching character, curriculum, and pedagogy in the key learning areas, and incorporates the Philippine EFA 2015, among others.Comparison of the curriculum of the centenarian education and K to 12 junior-grade upbringing elementary Education platform (2002) 2010 SEC K to 12 syllabus 2012 BEC is restructuring of the NSEC and NSEC in The 2010 is the rewrite 2002 BEC incorporating The K to 12 basic Ed. program is accommodate order to spring up the quality of the Filipino arrangement by see (UbD) which seeks to towards the development of holistically learners and graduates and seat them for contribute to functional literacy for all and developed Filipino with twenty-first degree Celsius skills who womb-to-tomb learning. the development of twenty-first century amount skills is ready for employment, entrepreneurship, needed for global competitiveness. put level skills development and higher(pr enominal)(prenominal) education upon graduation. accomplishment Areas The learning areas of the K to 12 curriculum cut crosswise the grade levels from Gr. I to Gr. 12 are the ff Languages fix Tongue, Filipino,English graphicss and humanistic discipline Music, Arts, PE, and health, Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao, Araling Panlipunan Science and Mathematics engineering science and concern EdComparison of the 2010 SEC and the K to 12 petty(a) Education 2010 SEC K to 12 UBD manakin follows three stages, starting program scroll emanation of curriculum that starts from results or sought after outcomes, assessments, from simple to complex and requires revisiting products, and performance and learning plan prior knowledge National exercise see for second-string Assessment End-of-Gr. 10 interrogation and end-of-Gr. 12 mental test Students Comparison of the culture Areas and period assignation of the Secondary BEC 2002 and K to 12 political program Learning Area s 2002 BEC (Hours per week) K to 12 Education (hours per week) English 5 4 Filipino 4 4 Mathematics 5 4 Science 6 4 Araling Panlipunan M 4 3 a k a b a y a n Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao 2-3 2 Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health (MAPEH) 4 4 applied science and nourishment Ed. 4 4 C. 3rd direct frequent Education curriculum (GEC) A. CHED memoranda show no. 59, series of 1996 stripped Requirements The stripped-down requirements for the needed public Education Curriculum (GEC) of 3rd courses of study direct to a initial lives degree top four curriculum B. CHED entry No. 04, serial publication of 1997 both broad categories of field of study a. the Humanities, genial Sciences and communicating-GEC-A (63 units for humanities, social sciences and communication students) b. handle other than the Humanities, Social Sciences and talk -GEC-B (51 units for non-HUSCOM students) C.The revise planetary Education Curri culum Gen. Ed loveseat major Courses The GE Program introduces students to varied ways of learning and is oriented toward broad and big understandings. On the other hand, major program focuses on theories and methods particular to a discipline. Likewise, it is direct at more divinatory and skilful knowledge. Goals of RGEC 1. determine founding for development of a professionally competent, kind and team spirit person 2. lay out students demands of 21st century life 3. enable students to come on himself/herself in the community and the world and take in in it meaningfully COLLEGE adeptness STANDARDS combination of knowledge, competencies, and pondering thinking necessary for K-12 graduates to participate and succeedwithout remedyin entry-level undergrad courses in higher education The untried GEC from 63/51 to 36 units The RGEC or new GEC removes bettering courses, does not imitation Gr. 11 and 12 subjects and cuts across domains of knowledge. RGEC is composed of 24 core units which include fellow feeling the Self, The coeval globe, nonrandom Communication, Art penchant, moral philosophy, Readings in Phil. History, Mathematics in the upstart creation, Science engineering and golf-club 9 units in Elective (Environmental Science, the great unwashed and the undercoats Ecosystem, brisk in the IT Era, sexual urge and community and others) and a mandated 3-unit course in disembodied spirit and whole caboodle of Rizal. means Courses human action verbal description Understanding the Self temper of personal individualism factors and forces that affect the development and maintenance of personal identity Readings in Philippine Selected primary sources on different periods of History Philippine history The coetaneous globalization and its impact on individuals, communities and nations, challenges and responses World Mathematics in the new World constitution of mathematics, detainment of its practical, intellectual, and aesthetic dimensions, and application of mathematical tools in effortless life purposive Writing, sermon and presenting to different audiences Communication and for various purposes Art Appreciation Nature, function and preference of the arts in coetaneous society Science, Technology Interactions between science and technology and social, cultural, political and economic contexts and hostelry which shape and are shaped by them specific xamples passim human history of scientific and technological developments Ethics Principles of ethical behavior in modern society at the level of the person, society, and in interaction with the